module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

law of forward condition

A

info along neuron will always go dendrite to terminal buttons

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2
Q

all or none principle

A

if soma sends info along, it travels entire axon and reaches terminal button

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3
Q

excitatory vs inhibitory

A

soma deciphers between them and decided to fire or not fire

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4
Q

clean up: enzymatic degradation

A

enzymes eat neurotransmitters to avoid sending info where it shouldn’t be

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5
Q

clean-up: reuptake

A

terminal buttons may take some neurotransmitters back that they released

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6
Q

synaptic pruding

A

delete synapses that are no longer useful

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7
Q

hindbrain

A

oldest, automatic processes, conduction: info from spinal cord to parts of brain

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8
Q

hindbrain: medulla and reticular formation

A

heart rate, circulation, respiration, reflexes
sleep, mood, arousal/focus, serotonin and norepinephrine

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9
Q

hindbrain: pons

A

sleep, focus, understanding and creating facial expressions, pathway from cerebellum to brain

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10
Q

hindbrain: cerebellum

A

lots of neurons for its size, balance, fine motor skills, gracefulness

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11
Q

midbrain

A

orientation and movement through space, process visual info and body movement, dopamine (for voluntary movement)

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12
Q

midbrain: tectum

A

process sense info, connect info to movement, builds pic of environment

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13
Q

midbrain: tegmentum

A

movement and arousal, help navigate envrionement

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14
Q

forebrain

A

highest level in function and location

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15
Q

forebrain: cerebral cortex

A

outer layer (wrinkles),

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16
Q

forebrain: corpus callosum

A

below cerebral cortex, fibers that connect two halves of brain

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17
Q

forebrain: lobes

A

each side of cerebral cortex has 4 lobes

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18
Q

forebrain: subcortical structures

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and brain stem

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19
Q

thalamus

A

directs info from senses to lobes (not smell)

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20
Q

pituitary gland

A

control release of hormones, related to hunger and sleep

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21
Q

limbic system

A

emotional brain (hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia)

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22
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls feeding, fleeing, fighting, fornicating

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23
Q

amygdala

A

emotional memory (mostly negative)

24
Q

hippocampus

25
cingulate gyrus
direct attention (schizophrenics have lack of)
26
basal ganglia
motor control, production of dopamine (decreased firing here for parkinsons)
27
psychophysics
sensation (external), perception (internal), transduction (time between)
28
psychophysics: just noticeable difference
has it changed
29
psychophysics: weber's law
just noticeable difference in proportion to initial size of stimulus
30
psychophysics: absolute threshold
does it exist to me
31
psychophysics: signal detection theory
hit, false alarm, correct rejection, miss
32
processing theory: bottom-up
use data to help knowledge
33
processing theory: top-down
use knowledge to process data
34
left hemisphere: Broca's aphasia
affects production of words
35
left hemisphere: Wernicke's aphasia
words are produced w no meaning
36
gate control theory
pain signals are blocked so they don't get in the way of brain processing
37
vision direction: ventral
occipital to temporal, object recognition
38
vision direction: dorsal
occipital to parietal, where object is located and how it is moving in relation to you
39
vision: apparent motion
images shown quickly look like fluid motion
40
vision: illusory conjunction
colors and shapes don't match up
41
depth: binocular
look for differences in images from both eyes
42
monocular clues
familiar size, linear perspective (parallel lines converge), texture gradient, interposition (in front of), relative height (closer is at bottom of visual field)
43
vision: gestalt grouping
simplicity- to process info in simplest way: closure (fill in the gaps), continuity, similarity, proximity, common fate (move together)
44
sound perception: place theory
more vibration of basilar membrane affects pitch
45
sound perception: temporal/frequency theory
sound is processed based on hair cells
46
sound perception: localization
left side louder- that's where it's coming from
47
hearing: gestalt grouping
location, temporal (music)
48
hearing loss: sensorineural
inner ear (hair cells), common w aging, hearing aids don't help
49
hearing loss: conduction
middle ear, hearing aids help
50
touch: plastic and phantom limb pain
can change based on what is relevant (born w/o limb) report pain in lost limb (mirror box to treat)
51
pain: A-delta fibers
sharp pain
52
pain: C-fibers
dull, throbbing
53
referred pain
inner and outer body parts are related
54
haptic perception
understanding world through touch (babies)
55
kinesthesia
understand body positioning and movement
56
smell: route and olfactory receptors
straight to forebrain olfactory receptors (350 in humans)
57