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SWINE PRODUCTION AND HERD HEALTH MANAGEMENT > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Factors in Selecting a Breeding Herd

A

Availability of good breeding stock
Prolificness
Growth ability
Temperament
Carcass quality
Efficient use in feeds
Nicking ability
Market demand
Disease resistance
Availability of feeds
Personal likes and dislikes in terms of caring for the animals

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2
Q

Availability of good breeding stock

A

Within the locality

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3
Q

Prolificness

A

Produce and nourish litters of healthy pigs.

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4
Q

Growth Ability

A

Rapid grains

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5
Q

Temperament

A

Active
Good Disposition
Easy to handle

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6
Q

Carcass Quality

A

High in lean cuts and low in fats

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7
Q

Efficient use in feeds

A

Conversion of feeds to pork

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8
Q

Nicking ability

A

Some breeds perform better when crossbred

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9
Q

Market demand

A

For better carcass, etc.

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10
Q

Is a group of animals that has a specific traits or characteristics in common.

A

Breed

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11
Q

Mating within the breed produces ___________that maintains the same set of characteristics.

A

Progeny

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12
Q

The pig performance is influenced by ______________.

A

Environment
Genetic Potential

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13
Q

Environment compromises how many percent on a performance of a pig?

A

70%

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14
Q

Genetic Potential compromises how many percent on a performance of a pig?

A

30%

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15
Q

The Philippine Pigs

A

The Native Pig
Batangas Pig
The Koronadal Pig
The Berkjala

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16
Q

This pig is hardy (healthy or strong or daring) and its upkeep is not expensive.

A

The Native Pig

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17
Q

The snout is long and pointed. The ears are small and erect. The back is low and the stomach hangs close to the ground. The litter is small and of different colors which may either be black or black and white.

A

Native Pig

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18
Q

How much weight at the birth of a Native Pig?

A

0.6kg

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19
Q

How much weight is a 6 month Native Pig?

A

9.9kgs

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20
Q

How much weight is a one year and a half Native Pig?

A

34.5kgs

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21
Q

How much weight is a 2 year old Native Pig?

A

66.4kgs

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22
Q

Classifieds into 2 strains which are both lard and meat type.

A

Batangas Pig

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23
Q

The looks and size are similar to Duroc Jersey

A

Kamain

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24
Q

Black color similar to Berkshire and Poland China

A

Diani

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25
Q

Both are produced by natural crossbreeding and ready for market at 9 months old.

A

Kamain
Diani

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26
Q

An intermediate between lard and bacon type. The head is long and the snout pointed and long.

A

The Koronadal Pig

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27
Q

Where can the Koronadal Pig be found?

A

Cotabato

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28
Q

How many months can Koronadal Pig reach maturity?

A

9 months

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29
Q

The cross breed between the native Bekjala and the Berkshire. The breed is better than any native Pig; its big size and of lard type. The body is moderately long and the ears are large and erect, legs are big boned and strong.

A

The Berkjala

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30
Q

Who perfected the Berkjala breed?

A

Dr. B. M. Gonzales in the UPCA in Los Baños, Laguna in 1916.

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31
Q

How many kilograms are a mature boar sow of a Berkjala Breed?

A

180 kgs
120 kgs

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32
Q

How much is the dressing percentage of the Berkjala breed?

A

70%

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33
Q

How many months does the Berkjala take maturity?

A

7 to 9 months

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34
Q

It can lower the quality of the whole herd.

A

Abnormalities

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35
Q

Most common abnormalities in pigs.

A

Hernias
Atresia ani
Cryptorchidism

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36
Q

No an opening; pig born alive

A

Atresia ani

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37
Q

Legs at right angle and stiff

A

Bent legs

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38
Q

Skull opening is present involving frontal and parietal bone

A

Brain hernia

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39
Q

Incomplete development of the skull

A

Catlin mark

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40
Q

Pigs born alive but unable to nurse.

A

Cleft palate

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41
Q

Pigs become fat to 32-88 kgs and die.

A

Excessive Fatness

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42
Q

Born dead or reabsorbed

A

Fetal mortality

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43
Q

Fluid on the brain; brain enlarged

A

Hydrocephalus

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44
Q

Pig born alive but without legs

A

Legless

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45
Q

Forelegs are rigid and live only a short time; animals still born.

A

Muscle contracture

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46
Q

Associated with cleft palate and deformed hind legs.

A

Split Ears

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47
Q

Caused by infiltration of connected tissue which replaces the muscles fiber.

A

Thickened forelimb

48
Q

1 or both testicles retained in the abdominal cavity.

A

Cryptorchidism

49
Q

Hair at the back flanges in all directions.

A

Hair whorls (Swirls)

50
Q

Animals with no hair.

A

Hairlessness

51
Q

Blood fail to clot promptly.

A

Hemophilia

52
Q

Teats inverted and non functional

A

Inverted nipples

53
Q

Rigid angles in the tale at birth

A

Kinky tail

54
Q

Extra toes on forefeet

A

Polydactyl

55
Q

Observed in Hampshire; affected animals have light brown haircoat.

A

Red eyes

56
Q

Ruptured intestines extending up to the scrotal area.

A

Scrotal hernia

57
Q

Intestines protrude at the naval cord area.

A

Umbilical hernia

58
Q

Only one or toe instead of 2

A

Syndactyl (mule foot)

59
Q

Kinky hair

A

Wooly

60
Q

Skin like flaps hanging from the throat near the lower jaw.

A

Wattles

61
Q

Do not have distinguishing physical characteristics and most are white with good muscle development.

A

Synthetic Breeds

62
Q

Outstanding in terms of growth rate
FCR
Carcass quality

A

Hybrid Pigs for slaughter

63
Q

Was developed from 4 synthetic lines from carefully selected stock of Eurilbrid, Europe.

A

Hypor

64
Q

Its great grandparents are from Belgium and was imported by Robiana Farms.

A

Seghers

65
Q

Best source of lean meat and arrive at 1975.

A

Seghers

66
Q

Cross breed between Landrace, Large white, and Pietrain

A

Neuw Dalland

66
Q

Most major distributor of Neuw Dalland and projected this breed on 1991.

A

Dall Phil System Corp.

67
Q

A product of Vitarich Corporation

A

Babcock

68
Q

Has evolved from continuous selection and cross breeding of other excellent breeders.

A

Neuw Dalland

69
Q

Its figure is elongated but robust, excellent quality with minimum backfat, high litter size and superior mothering ability.

A

Neuw Dalland

69
Q

Entirely white with erect ears
Sows are have superior mothering ability, farrow and wean large litters
Excellent milkers
Adopt well to confinement but not on rugged condition; prone to disease.

A

Yorkshire/Large White

70
Q

It is white and have short legs with medium to large dropping ears.
Short snout
Good mothering ability and litter size.
Heavy milkers and produce pigs of highly acceptable carcass quality.

A

Landrace

71
Q

Weak on the feet and legs and have problem adopting to rugged condition.

A

Landrace

72
Q

Its color are varying shades of red.

A

Duroc

73
Q

Ears are small (2/3 erect and 1/3 drooping a tip)

A

Duroc

74
Q

Sows are prolific and good mothers.
Produce pig that have superior rate of growth, feed conversion and performance in rugged condition is better than any white breeds.

A

Duroc

74
Q

Colored black with white belt around the shoulder and any body.

A

Hampshire

75
Q

Long-legged and lack body thickness.
Sows have high percentage of the pigs farrowed and able to adopt to very rugged conditions.

A

Hampshire

76
Q

The growth rate however has generally been average or below.

A

Hampshire

77
Q

Black with six white points (4 white feet; some white in the face and tail)

A

Berkshire

78
Q

Known for their meatiness and good adaptability to rugged conditions.

A

Berkshire

78
Q

Pigs are black with six white points (face, tail, and the feet).

A

Poland China

78
Q

Have desirable length, depth and balance of the body but lack good growth and efficiency in converting feed to weight gain.

A

Berkshire

78
Q

Spotted black and white with medium-sized ear pointed upward, sometimes slightly dropping.

A

Pietrain

79
Q

Snout is moderately long and dished.
Good muscle development in the ham, loin and shoulder with thin backfat thickness.
Good Mothering performance and reproductive ability.

A

Pietrain

79
Q

Disadvantage of Pietrain

A

Its weak hind legs
Slower grower
Susceptibility to stress

80
Q

They are prolific and adapt well to rugged condition but growth rate is slow.

A

Philippine Native

81
Q

Origin country of Landrace and Large White

A

England

81
Q

Beginners in the industry should start with this breed in the Philippines.

A

Philippine Native

82
Q

Origin country of Hampshire and Duroc Jersey

A

USA

82
Q

Are systems of mating animals use to produce a pure breeds or a cross breeds, which important in pig improvement to increase production.

A

Breeding Systems

83
Q

Origin country of Pietrain

A

Belgium

84
Q

Is not recommendable due to its negative effect on the production performance.

A

Continuous/Inbreeding

85
Q

This is done to purify the bloodline of the animals.

A

Continuous/Inbreeding

86
Q

It brings out the desired character in pure form.

A

Continuous/Inbreeding

87
Q

Effects of inbreeding; if not properly done

A
  1. Reduction in the strength and vigor of piglets.
  2. Decrease in the number of pigs born and weaned.
  3. Decrease in the weight of piglets at birth and weaning.
  4. Sterility and abortions.
  5. Retardations of physiological maturity.
  6. Occurrence of abnormalities
88
Q

Animals of the same breed are mated to each other.

A

Pure breeding

89
Q

Breeding of two animals from different breeds.

A

Cross Breeding

90
Q

The superiority exhibited by the crossbred individuals over the average of the parental breeds.

A

Hybrid Vigor/Heterosis

91
Q

Advantages of crossbreeds over purebred animals

A
  1. Superior in terms of litter size and weight at birth and at weaning .
  2. Sows are better mothers
  3. Fast Growing
92
Q

Advantages of crossbreeding

A
  1. Increased vigor and growth rate of litters
  2. Large litters
  3. Increased production efficiency to about 5-10%
  4. Increased disease resistance
92
Q

An inferior breed is improved by continued crossing.

A

Upgrading

93
Q

Types of Crossbreeding

A
  1. Two-way cross mating with the use of 2 different breeds.
  2. Three-way cross mating with the use of three breeds
  3. Four-way cross mating with the use of four different breeds.
93
Q

Commonly used among native breeds crossed with exotic breeds of swine to improve the common sick.

A

Upgrading

93
Q

Way to recognize and evaluate economic features (seen on the external parts of the pigs).

A

Judging

93
Q

Used as a way to improve the genetic standard of the pig population.

A

Judging

94
Q

ADG

A

Average Daily Gain

95
Q

FCR

A

Food Conversion Ratio

95
Q

FCE

A

Food Conversion Efficiency

96
Q

External Indicators of a Good Pig

A
  1. Number of good Teats, equal spacing of teats.
  2. Strength of back and feet
  3. Development and frame size of gilt or sow.
  4. Leanness and meatiness of gilt/sow.
97
Q

Requirements of a Good Pig

A
  1. Good production of the sow
  2. Long life
  3. Good ADG for the offspring
  4. Good FCR of the offspring
  5. Good carcass quality of the offspring
98
Q

Removal of unwanted pigs

A

Culling

99
Q

Pointers of Culling

A

Reproductive Failures
Poor Maternal Instincts
Poor-Milkers
Feet and Leg Problems
Poor Litter Size
Long Dry Period
Damage Udder Section
Diseases
Abnormalities

99
Q

Example of diseases commonly associated with abortion and usually transmitted by an infected boar.

A

Leptospirosis and Brucellosis

100
Q

Oviduct distended with fluid

A

Hydrosalpinx

100
Q

Blind uterine body, infantilism, cystic ovaries

A

Unilateral Blind Uterine Horn

100
Q

Oviduct distended with pus-like materials.

A

Pyosalpinx

SWINE PRODUCTION AND HERD HEALTH MANAGEMENT (4 decks)

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