Module 2 Flashcards
Review past questions
Use a method that can be used to estimate the capacity of an air conditioning unit.
Divide the compressor RLA (rated load average) by 2 for a very old unit or 4 for a 10 SEER unit or better (typically since 1995).
Divide the compressor RLA (rated load average) by 3 for a very old unit or 6 for a 10 SEER unit or better (typically since 1995).
Divide the compressor RLA (rated load average) by 5 for a very old unit or 4 for a 10 SEER unit or better (typically since 1995).
Divide the compressor RLA (rated load average) by 7 for a very old unit or 6 for a 10 SEER unit or better (typically since 1995).
Divide the compressor RLA (rated load average) by 8 for a very old unit or 4 for a 10 SEER unit or better (typically since 1995).
Divide the compressor RLA (rated load average) by 7 for a very old unit or 6 for a 10 SEER unit or better (typically since 1995).
The following statement(s) is/are true about SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio):
8 or 10 SEER is the current minimum efficiency manufactured.
13 or 14 SEER is the current minimum efficiency manufactured.
Units before 1995 may be only 4 or 5 SEER.
Units with a higher SEER are approximately the same physical size as units with a lower SEER (but this is starting to change).
The previous standard for SEER was 5.
13 or 14 SEER is the current minimum efficiency manufactured.
When inspecting an air conditioning unit, which of the following is considered a major problem?
The outside unit has 12 inches of clearance on each side.
Foliage is present around the unit but is trimmed back 6 inches all around.
The outside unit has 5 feet of clearance from the home.
Refrigerant lines are frozen.
The insulation on the suction line is old, deteriorated and damaged.
Refrigerant lines are frozen.
The following ASHI standard of practice requires home inspectors to tell the client:
The age of the unit.
The capacity of the unit.
When the equipment is beyond its normal lifespan.
The serial number, model number, and maximum amperages.
The age, capacity, and model number.
When the equipment is beyond its normal lifespan.
When inspecting an AC unit installed in an attic, what is the foolproof way to ensure leaking is detected and doesn’t spill over onto the floor or ceiling?
You should see a proper drip pan.
You should see a drip pan and a drain on the pan that flows out the side of the house.
You should see a drain that carries the water to the basement.
You should see a drip pan and an emergency float switch.
A float pan is not necessary because in warm weather, the hot air in the attic causes quick and efficient evaporation of the water.
You should see a drip pan and an emergency float switch.
When measuring the supply temperature in an AC unit, what is the appropriate range you are looking for?
The perfect range is 5-10 degrees.
The perfect range is 10-12 degrees.
The perfect range is 15-20 degrees.
The perfect range is 15-22 degrees.
The perfect range is 15-30 degrees.
The perfect range is 15-22 degrees.
When providing a report to your client on maintaining their air conditioning equipment, direct them to:
contact a qualified heating contractor for more information on maintenance best practice.
have their A/C equipment maintained two times per year by a qualified heating contractor.
have their A/C equipment maintained every year by a qualified heating contractor.
have their A/C equipment maintained every other year by a qualified heating contractor.
have their A/C equipment maintained every five years by a qualified heating contractor; if the system is over ten years old it should be maintained every other year.
have their AC equipment maintained every year by a qualified heating contractor.
A single-wall vent connector at the furnace needs at least:
Six inches of clearance from combustibles.
Eight inches of clearance from combustibles.
Ten inches of clearance from combustibles.
Twelve inches of clearance from combustibles.
Eighteen inches of clearance from combustibles.
6 inches of clearance from combustibles.
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate action when a line-set is frozen in an AC unit you are inspecting?
It is appropriate to tell any real estate agents that you are involved with the sale of the home.
If they are not at home, leave a note.
Turn the unit off until the line is thawed and resume use.
If they are not at home, leave a note.
Ask the client for permission to talk to the current owner about this.
Turn the unit off until the line is thawed and resume use.
Most mini-split ductless systems will not operate if the interior temperature is below:
75 degrees
70 degrees
65 degrees
60 degrees
A mini-split ductless system will operate at any interior temperature.
70 degrees
A typical ductless split system bottom discharge unit should be a mininum _ above the floor measuring to the underside of the air handler.
6 feet
5 feet
4 feet
3 feet
2 feet
6 feet
Which of the following is true of high velocity (Hi-V) AC systems?
Hi-V systems are less flexible than systems with conventional large ductwork.
Hi-V systems provide less efficient moisture removal than conventional systems.
Hi-V systems are less energy-efficient than conventional systems.
Hi-V systems have similar operating characteristics to convention systems.
Hi-V systems provide better moisture removal than conventional systems.
Hi-V systems provide better moisture removal than conventional systems.
A hi-V system removes _ more humidity than a conventional central air conditioning system.
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
30%
What is the first thing to consider when inspecting an air source heat pump?
Make sure that it sounds OK when it is operating.
The location and condition of the exterior unit and the line set and data from the exterior nameplate.
The condition of the interior air handler and line set.
The condensate drain.
The filter and blower compartment.
The location and condition of the exterior unit and the line set and data from the exterior nameplate.
When checking the emergency heat after checking the heat pump, you will adjust the thermostat by _ to get the heat pump to start in heating mode, and then, once you are done checking the heat pump, adjust the temperature up another _ to get it to kick into emergency heat system.
1 or 2 degrees, 2 or 3 degrees
2 or 3 degrees, 2 or 3 degrees
3 or 4 degrees, 3 or 4 degrees
4 degrees, 2 or 3 degrees
5 degrees, 2 or 3 degrees
2 or 3 degrees, 2 or 3 degrees.
What temperature should you test a heat pump in cooling mode?
50 degrees
55 degrees
65 degrees
70 degrees
A heat pump should be tested in cooling mode only if the outside temperature is at or above 60 degrees.
A heat pump should be tested in cooling mode only if the outside temperature is at or above 60 degrees.
What is the appropriate temperature drop for a heat pump in heating mode?
For cold air, it is 10 to 15 degrees.
For cold air, it is 10 to 20 degrees.
For cold air, it is 15 to 20 degrees.
For cold air, it is15 to 25 degrees.
For cold air, it is 15 to 30 degrees.
For cold air, it is 15 to 30 degrees.
Which of the following is/are NOT true of geothermal heat pumps?
They are associated with high installation costs.
The technology is cumbersome.
They were first installed in 1935.
They were low energy costs at the time.
They are also knowns as GeoExchange, earth-coupled, ground-source, or water-source heat pumps.
They were first installed in 1935.
According to the industry, the ground loops should last well over _ and they expect the high-density polyethylene ground loop tubing to last well in excess of _.
25 years, 50 years
30 years, 60 years
40 years, 80 years
50 years, 100 years
Both are expected to last up to 100 years.
50 years, 100 years
What is the approximate expected life span for an air source heat pump?
10-15 years
12-14 years
11-16 years
12-17 years
13-18 years
12-14 years
Using Ohm’s Law, which of the following scenarios is NOT an acceptable circuit load for a single outlet that is 15-amp, 120-volt circuit?
A client can run a 2-slice toaster (rated 800 watts) and a hand mixer (rated at 250 watts) on the same outlet.
A client cannot run a coffeemaker (rated 900 watts) and a microwave (rated 1200 watts) on the same outlet.
A client can run a coffeemaker (rated 900 watts) and a microwave (rated 1200 watts) on the same outlet.
A client can run an electric oven (rated 1000 watts) and a microwave (rated 800 watts) on the same outlet.
All of these scenarios require a combined wattage that exceeds Ohm’s law for a 15-amp, 120-volt circuit.
A client can run a coffeemaker (rated 900 watts) and a microwave (rated 1200 watts) on the same outlet.
According to the Standard of Practice, what is the representative number of installed lighting fixtures, switches, and receptacles you are required to inspect?
At least one per room for multiple similar interior components.
At least two per room for multiple similar interior components
At least two per room for multiple similar interior components and at one exterior on each side of the building for multiple similar exterior components
At least one per room for multiple similar interior components and at least two exterior on each side of the building for multiple similar exterior components
You are only required to inspect one per room for multiple similar interior components and all exterior on each side of the building for multiple similar exterior components.
At least one per room for multiple similar interior components.
Which of the following service drop clearances does NOT meet inspection requirements?
Over roofs with 4:12 slope or greater: 3 feet minimum clearance
Over roofs with less than 4:12 slope: 8 feet minimum
Over swimming pools: 22 and ½ feet minimum clearance
Over swimming pools: 20 1/2 feet minimum clearance
From tress, antennas, chimneys, etc., use common sense
Over swimming pools: 20 1/2 feet minimum clearance
Should be 22.5
For attic installation, NM cable should be properly secured every _.
4 feet
4 ½ feet
5 feet
5 ½ feet
6 feet
4 1/2 feet
According to ASHI standard section 7.1, inspectors shall inspect all but…
Service drop
Service entrance conductors.
Service equipment and main disconnects.
Ground conductors in subpanel enclosures.
Service entrance cables and raceways.
Ground conductors in subpanel enclosures.
Which is the most common branch circuit amps/wiring for 120 volts circuits in a home?
Single pole breaker
Double pole breaker
Single taps
Double taps
Double lugging
Single pole breaker
According to NEC what is the requirement for along the wall line of a countertop from a receptacle?
12 inches
14 inches
18 inches
20 inches
24 inches
24 inches
According to the National Electric Code, in a residential photovolactics , no system can exceed any more than _ volts direct current.
300
400
500
600
800
600
Which of the following is NOT accurate information regarding the changes in the 2008 NEC?
All grounding electrodes present must be bonded together.
All grounding electrodes must be a minimum of 5 feet apart and bonded together.
Metal water pipe, a supplemental electrode is always required.
A home that has a metal water main and that comes from a metal well casing, it needs to be bonded together with six- or eight- gauge wire.
All grounding electrodes present must be bonded together.
All grounding electrodes must be a minimum of 5 feet apart and bonded together.
Which of the following is/are true in electrical theory?
Breakers (or fuses) only open automatically with too much current (amps).
Completing a circuit at the transformer is a low resistance wire path, but usually allows enough current flow to trip a breaker.
Grounding conductors provide stray electricity with a path home (to earth or transformer.
Completing the circuit at the Earth is a high resistance path and often does not allow enough current flow to trip a breaker.
All of the above.
All of the above.
In what year did the NEC require that all receptacles at kitchen counters and everywhere in any bathroom require GFCI protection.
1975
1980
1984
1990
1996
1996
Which of the following does NOT meet the minimum clearance for service drop safety measured from the lowest/closest point or bottom of the drip loop.
Areas adjacent to the house – 10 feet
Balconies, decks and porches – 10 feet, for a distance of 3 feet past the railing or edge
Yards and driveways – 10 feet
Openable windows – 3 feet
Roads – 18 feet
Yards and driveways - 10 feet
Should be 12 feet
Modern kitchens need at least to dedicated receptacles that are…
10 amp circuits
12 amp circuits
15 amp circuits
17 amp circuits
20 amp circuits
20 amp circuits
An island requires at least one outlet with _ maximum countertop protection if the receptacle is on the side and _ maximum below countertop surface on any side island or peninsula?
3 inches, 6 inches
4 inches, 8 inches
6 inches, 12 inches
8 inches, 10 inches
10 inches, 12 inches
6 inches, 12 inches
According to the Standard of PRactice for inspection of heating systems, which of the following is the inspector NOT an ASHI SOP for heating?
Radiant heat
Forced air
Vent systems
Flues and chimneys
Geothermal heat pump systems.
Geothermal heat pump systems
Which of the following locations is acceptable for a combustion furnace?
Bedroom
Space accessed from a bedroom
Bathroom
Space accessed from a bathroom
Attic furnace accessed from bedroom.
Attic furnace accessed from the bedroom.
Furnace vent connectors must rise a minimum of _ per foot to help the combustion products convect up and out.
1/8 inch
1/4 inch
1/2 inch
3/4 inch
1 inch
1/4 inch
The first thing you should inspect on a combustion furnace system is the _. The last thing you should inspect is _.
Location, operation
Exterior furnace cabinet, controls and burners
Controls and burners, operation
Operation, location
Controls and burners, exterior cabinet
Location, operation
What is the most common type of ductwork used for forced air heating and cooling?
Fiberglass board
Flex-duct
Foil-lined insulated metal coil
Plastic
Steel
Steel
What is the operating temperature for circulated boilers?
140 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit
140 to 160 degrees Fahrenheit
150 to 170 degrees Fahrenheit
170 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit
180 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit
140 to 160 degrees Fahrenheit
When inspecting hot steam boilers for basic operation sequences, it is recommended to let the heating equipment operate for at least _
5 minutes
10 minutes
12 minutes
15 minutes
15+ minutes
5 minutes
Do NOT operate a circulated boiler unless there is at least _ of pressure on the gauge
3 pounds
5 pounds
10 pounds
12 pounds
14 pounds
10 pounds
Which is the most common boiler used to heat residential homes?
Steam boiler
Gravity boiler
Circulated boiler
Convection boiler
Conventional boiler
Circulated boiler
The last thing you should inspect on a combustion furnace system is operation. What is the first thing you should inspect?
Vent connector
Location
Exterior furnace cabinet
Blower compartment
Controls and burners
Location
Which of the following is/are true about circulated boilers?
Operating temperatures are 140 to 160 degrees
12 to 15 psi is normal operating pressure
The relief valve blows at 30 psi
An “aquastat” controls water temperature
All of the above
All of the above
While combustion space heater sensors are not always reliable, they are supposed to stop the equipment when oxygen levels fall below _.
15%
18%
20%
21%
24%
18%
Which type of space heater is allowed in a bedroom in many areas?
Direct vent space heaters with sealed combustion chambers.
Ventless gas space heaters
Combustion space heaters
Direct vent heater
Heat exchange space heater
Direct vent space heaters with sealed combustion chambers.
Typical clearances for direct vent space heaters are 12 inches on both sides, _ inches from the top and 24 inches in front.
20 inches
24 inches
30 inches
32 inches
36 inches
36 inches
Any type of wall heater, electric or combustion, should be a minimum of _ away from the edge of a door and never behind it.
6 inches
8 inches
10 inches
12 inches
18 inches
12 inches
When inspecting fireplaces, exterior clearances include no combustible material should be within _ of the firebox opening for material up to 1.5 inches thick (sealed direct vent or vent-free units are usually exempt). No combustible material should be within 12 inches if over 1.5 inches of thickness.
6 inches
8 inches
12 inches
15 inches
18 inches
6 inches
When inspecting fireplaces, the hearth extension must be at least _ in depth from the front of the fireplace and _ to each side for openings greater than 6 square feet.
12 inches, 20 inches
16 inches, 8 inches
8 inches, 16 inches
20 inches, 12 inches
24 inches, 12 inches
20 inches, 12 inches
According to the US Fire Administration, chimney and flue fires are _ on the list of residential fires.
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Second
Wood stoves should sit on a non-combustible hearth, which extends at least _ inches out from the front of the stove and 8 inches at the sides and rear or as per listing.
6 inches
8 inches
10 inches
12 inches
18 inches
18 inches
Almost any wood burning stove needs _ top clearance.
4 feet
5 feet
6 feet
7 feet
8 feet
5 feet
What type of boiler operates at an average range of 215 degrees Fahrenheit?
Gravity
Circulated
Steam
Water vapor
Condensating
Steam
Which of the following is/are Standard of Practice for plumbing inspection?
Sewage injectors, sump pumps, and related piping
Wells and well pumps
Septic and other sewage disposal systems
Fire extinguishing and sprinkler systems
Water storage related equipment
Sewage injection, sump pumps, and related piping
Which type of plumbing supply copper piping is the thinnest and not allowed by many localities?
Type L
Type M
Type K
Type C
Type R
Type M
Which two types of plumbing pipes used together are more likely to corrode when place in contact with each other?
Copper and lead
Lead and galvanized steel
Galvanized steel and copper
Brass and copper
Galvanized steel and HDPE
Galvenized steel and copper
When inspecting plumbing distribution systems, which of the following should you refer the client for review by a licensed plumber?
A pipe that you cannot determine if it is or is not abandoned
A galvanized pipe in direct contact with a copper pipe that is corroded
A hose bib that is not secured to the wall
A slight kink in a copper pipe
All of the above.
All of the above.
Which type of drainage and vent piping has been in use since the 1800s, is still used in some new home construction, and is quieter than PVC?
Cast iron and galvanized steel
ABS and DWV
Brass and copper
Copper and lead
Lead and vitrified clay
Cast iron and galvanized steel
While measuring and reporting on water pressure is not required by the Standard, if you choose to measure water pressure, it should be _ to _ PSI.
20 to 70
20 to 80
30 to 70
30 to 80
30 to 90
30 to 80
Showers and bathtubs should have a trap below the floor within _, while all other fixtures must have a trap _.
within 8 inches, built-in
within 12 inches, in the same room
within 18 inches, built-in
within 24 inches, in the same room
within 30 inches, built-in
within 24 inches, in the same room
Which of the following is NOT accurate for inspecting bathroom fixtures?
Air admittance valves (AAV) may be located in an adjacent linen closet.
Sink faucets should have shut-off valves with proper handles
Sinks may have cracks just so long as they do not leak.
Showers traps do not have to be located in the same room
Bathtub traps do not have to be located in the same room
Air admittance valves (AAV) may be located in an adjacent linen closet.
When did the United States require that all hot water heaters manufactured by Flammable Vapor Ignition Resistant (FVIR) units?
July 1, 1995
July 1, 2000
July 1, 2003
July 1, 2006
July 1, 2010
July 1, 2003
Water heater piping must have union fittings on all pipes with _ of the water heater to facilitate with replacement of the water heater.
3 feet
4 feet
5 feet
6 feet
8 feet
5 feet
Hot water heater temperature and pressure relief (TPR) must be properly rated and piped. The valve must be rated at a maximum of _ and _ per square inch.
150 degrees Fahrenheit, 75 pounds (psi)
175 degrees Fahrenheit, 100 pounds (psi)
180 degrees Fahrenheit, 120 pounds (psi)
200 degrees Fahrenheit, 125 pounds (psi)
210 degrees Fahrenheit, 150 pounds (psi)
210 degrees Fahrenheit, 150 pounds (psi)
Which of the following gas piping material cannot be used on the exterior or underground?
Black iron
Galvanized
Aluminum
Copper
Brass
Aluminum
Sewage pump discharge pipe and vent pipes should be a minimum of _ in diameter.
1 inch
1 ½ inch
2 inches
2 ½ inches
3 inches
2 inches
Venting for a crawlspace where the ground surface is covered by a class I vapor retarded material, the net minimum are of ventilation openings should not be less than _ of underfloor space area.
1 square foot for every 750 square feet
½ square foot for every 1,000 square feet
1 square foot for every 1,250 square feet
1 square foot for every 1,500 square feet
2 square feet for every 2,000 square feet
1 square foot for every 1,500 square feet
Crawl space exposed earth should be covered with a continuous class I ground vapor barrier retarder, and the joints of the the vapor retarder should overlap by at least _ and shall be sealed or tapes. The edges of the vapor retarded shall not extend less than _ up the stem wall and shall be attached and sealed to the stem wall or insulation.
4 inches, 4 inches
4 inches, 6 inches
5 inches, 6 inches
6 inches , 6 inches
6 inches, 8 inches
6 inches, 6 inches
If a crawl space has exhaust-powered ventilation, the continuous mechanical exhaust ventilation should operate at a rate equal to _ per minute for each 50 square feet or crawl space floor area, including an air pathway to the common area, such as a duct to transfer grille and perimeter walls insulated.
½ cubic foot
1 cubic foot
1 ½ cubic foot
2 cubic feet
2 ½ cubic feet
1 cubic foot
The crawl space plenum’s ground surface should be covered with a moisture barrier having a minimum thickness of _.
1 millimeter
2 mils
3 mils
4 mils
5 mils
4 mills
When it comes to the crawl space and finish grade, to circumvent moisture accumulation in the crawl space area, which of the following is NOT accurate?
The grade in the underfloor space must be at least the same level as the grade outside of the building
There needs to be a positive slope away, typically 1 inch per foot for a minimum of 6 inches over 10 feet.
The ground level outside should be lower than the ground level around the crawl space.
The finished grade of the underfloor surface should not be located at the bottom of the footings.
The underfloor space should be as high as the outside finished grade.
The finished grade of the underfloor surface should not be located at the bottom of the footings.
Attic vent ventilation opening should have at least dimensions of a _ minimum and 1/4 maximum opening.
1/16 inch
⅛ inch
½ inch
⅔ inch
¾ inch
1/16 inch
Radiant energy accounts for over _ of all the heat transfer, whether into the home or out of the home.
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
95%
Rationale: Using the EPA climate zone map, zones 1 through 7, the recommended R value for insualtion is _ for 2 X 4 walls, and _ for 2 X 6 walls.
R10 to R15, R13 to R15
R13 to R15, R19 to R21
R13 to R19, R19 to R25
R19 to R25, R25 to R30
R25 to R30, R30 to R29
R13 to R15, R19 to R21
Low density spray foam insulation’s R value starts at _ per inch.
2.6
3.6
4.6
5.6
6.6
3.6
Venting for a crawl space where the ground surface covered by a class I vapor retarder material, the net minimum area of ventilation openings should not be less than _ for every 1,500 square feet of underfloor space area.
1 square foot
1 ½ square feet
2 square feet
2 ½ square feet
3 square feet
1 square foot
What does a compromised thermal envelope lead to?
Dew points on the inside or exterior walls in the winter
Dew points and humidity-related problems in the summertime
Ice damming in the winter months
Inefficiency and increased energy usage for the home
All of the above.
All of the above.
When measuring temperature increase or decrease in a home, we will measure using _.
Amperage
Watts
British Thermal Units
Horsepower
All of the above
British Thermal Units
How many Watts is equivalent to 1 horsepower (HP)?
327.9 Watts
372.9 Watts
545.7 Watts
654.7 Watts
745.7 Watts
745.7 Watts
One horsepower (HP) equals _ Watts, and 1 Watt equals _ BTUs per hour.
545.7 Watts, 3.11 BTUH
654.7 Watts, 3.14 BTUH
675.4 Watts, 3.17 BTUH
745.7 Watts, 3.41 BTUH
757.4 Watts, 4.31 BTUH
745.7 Watts, 3.41 BTUH
For mechanical air filtration, the Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values (MERV) rating relates to the filter’s ability to capture larger particulates between _ and _.
.03 microns, 10 microns
.04 microns, 9 microns
.05 microns, 8 microns
.06 microns, 7 microns
.07 microns, 6 microns
.03 microns, 10 microns
When talking about byproducts of combustion and combustion-based fuels, roughly speaking, _ of the combustion byproducts are going to be carbon dioxide and _ is going to be vapor.
10%, 90%
20%, 80%
25%, 75%
30%, 70%
35%, 65%
30%, 70%
If you want to make something feel hotter, you increase the amount of water vapor in the air and you heat up the air. In close approximations, _ of air is composed of nitrogen (N2), _ of air/oxygen (O2), and about _ water vapor. This is important because the majority of heat energy is absorbed in the water vapor (H2O), not the N2 or O2.
58%, 29%, 3%
64%, 34%, 2%
71%, 26%, 3%
75%, 23.5%, 1.5%
78%, 21%, 0.5%
78%, 21%, 0.5%
Which type of ventilation is the traditional method of allowing fresh outdoor air to replace indoor air?
Outdoor to indoor ventilation
Natural ventilation
Spot ventilation
Whole house ventilation
Unrestricted ventilation
Natural ventilation
When looking at the appliances and the hood vent, the hood vent should sit no lower than _ of the top of the actual cooktop.
18 inches
20 inches
22 inches
24 inches
26 inches
24 inches
Which type of ventilation system pressurizes the entire house and assists with getting oxygen to the natural gas or propane or carbon-burning appliance and getting exhaust out?
Balanced ventilation systems
Closed ventilation systems
Open ventilation systems
Supply ventilation systems
Exhaust ventilation systems
Supply ventilation systems
Which type of ventilation is defined as the use of localized exhaust fans to quickly remove pollutants at their source?
Outdoor to indoor ventilation
Natural ventilation
Spot ventilation
Whole house ventilation
Unrestricted ventilation
Spot ventilation
To determine the required capacity for range hood exhaust systems capacity by cubic feet per minute (CFM) you calculate the total heat output of the range in British Thermal Units (BTUs) and divide by _ for intermittent systems or by 400 for continuous systems.
50
75
100
125
200
100
Dryer vents must be a minimum size of _ in diameter.
4 inches
5 inches
6 inches
7 inches
8 inches
4 inches
What type of valve is NOT found in a pool?
Gate
Ball
Butterfly or water
Multi-port (3-port)
None of the above
None of the above
Electric radiant heaters should not be installed over a pool or within _ horizontal from the inside walls of the pool, and should be at least _ vertical feet away from the pool deck.
4 feet; 10
4 feet; 12
5 feet; 10
5 feet; 12
6 feet; 10
5 feet, 12
It is recommended that the water temperature for a pool be set between _, and spas should be no hotter than _.
78° F and 82° F; 102° F
78° F and 82° F; 104° F
78° F and 82° F; 106° F
80° F and 84° F; 104° F
80° F and 84° F; 106° F
78 F and 82 F; 104 F
The working definition of a swimming pool considered a permanent structure in the ground, or partially in the ground, that is capable of holding water with a depth greater than _ outside a building.
24 inches
30 inches
36 inches
42 inches
48 inches
42 inches
In what year did Congress pass the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act to prevent the hidden hazard of drain entrapments and eviscerations in pools and spas?
1998
2000
2003
2006
2008
2008
If the client is using solar panels for pool or spa heating, the “general rule of thumb” for determining the size of the surface area of solar panels needed is _.
45% to 60% of the surface area of the pool and spa = the surface area of the solar panels
50% to 65% of the surface area of the pool and spa = the surface area of the solar panels
55% to 70% of the surface area of the pool and spa = the surface area of the solar panels
60% to 75% of the surface area of the pool and spa = the surface area of the solar panels
75% to 90% of the surface area of the pool and spa = the surface area of the solar panels
60% to 75% of the surface area of the pool and spa = the surface area of the solar panels
There should be no switches (including timers or panelboards) within _ horizontally from the inside walls of pools, spas or hot tubs, except where separated by a barrier.
5 feet
6 feet
7 feet
8 feet
10 feet
5 feet
To calculate the Maximum Applied Water Allowance (MAWA) to establish a water budget for irrigation systems, you use the formula MAWA = ETo x AF x LA x _.
0.32
0.42
0.52
0.62
0.72
0.62
To convert MAWA (maximum amount of irrigation water) to billing units of a hundred cubic feet (CCF) of water, use the formula CCF = MAWA divided by _.
448
558
658
748
758
748
Which of the following irrigation budget calculation formulas is used for shrub inches?
(ETo x Kc)/DU = (5.0 x 0.8)/0.7 = 5.7 inches x 50% = 2.9 inches
(ETo x PF)/DU = (5.0 x 0.5)/0.8 = 3.1 inches x 40% = 1.2 inches
(ETo x PF)/DU = (5.0 x 0.5)/0.8 = 3.1 inches x 40% = 2.3 inches
(ETo x Kc)/DU = (5.0 x 0.8)/0.7 = 5.7 inches x 50% = 2.5 inches
(ETo x PF)/DU = (5.0 x 1.0)/0.6 = 8.3 inches x 10% = 0.8 inches
(ETo x Kc)/DU = (5.0 x 0.8)/0.7 = 5.7 inches x 50% = 2.9 inches
When using the calendar method for irrigation frequency, what is the first thing you need to determine?
The number of irrigation days per week
The minutes of runtime per week
Calculate run time per day
Observe if runoff occurs
The minutes per week over irrigation days per week.
The minutes of runtime per week
When using the calendar method for irrigation frequency, what is the last thing you need to determine?
The number of irrigation days per week
The minutes of runtime per week
Calculate run time per day
Observe if runoff occurs
The minutes per week over irrigation days per week.
Observe if runoff occurs
Which of the following is NOT true about distribution uniformity (DU)?
DU describes how evenly water is applied over the irrigated area.
A DU value is usually calculated for each irrigation valve as the ratio of the lowest one-half of the head output or catches
Using DULQ (distribution uniformity low quarter) increases run time dramatically in systems with a low DU
Catch can tests are used to evaluate DU
DU along with PR are the two most important irrigation system performance characteristics.
A DU valve is usually calculated for each irrigation valve as the ratio of the lowest one-half of the head output or catches
When running a catch can test, for high precipitation rates greater than 1.5 inches per hour, the test run time may take as little as .
10 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
40 minutes
50 minutes
10 minutes
What is NOT a critical question you consider related to the inspection of outbuildings?
Do they affect safety?
Does its condition impact the value of the home?
Do they affect the function of other systems on the property?
What is the intended function?
Is it performing its intended function?
Does its condition impact the value of the home?
What system(s) do you inspect on an enclosed outbuilding?
Roofing
Plumbing
Electrical
HVAC
All of the above.
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT included as the stinging insect when inspecting outbuildings?
Termite
Spider
Hornet
Wasp
Yellow jacket
Termite
Driven wells are continuously cased and shallow. Approximately how deep are they?
10 feet to 30 feet
20 feet to 40 feet
25 feet to 45 feet
30 feet to 50 feet
35 feet to 60 feet
30 feet to 50 feet
What is the average depth of a confined aquifer?
100 feet
150 feet
200 feet
250 feet
300 feet
250 feet
What type of well is “typically” the purest, most abundant, and source that is already under pressure?
Water table
Unconfined aquifer
Confined aquifer
Restricted aquifer
Unrestricted aquifer
Confined aquifer
How far above the ground should the well casing and well cap extend?
10 inches
12 inches
14 inches
16 inches
18 inches
12 inches
The pressure switch that signals the well pump to start is typically preset the lower limit at _ and higher at _.
10 psi, 30 psi
20 psi, 40 psi
30 psi, 50 psi
40 psi, 60 psi
50 psi, 70 psi
40 psi, 60 psi
Pressure switches for well pumps are set at the factory with a _ differential pressure than can be adjusted up to 100 psi at installation as desired.
10 psi
20 psi
30 psi
40 psi
50 psi
20 psi
What amount of clear-water iron in well water warrants an iron filter recommendation?
5 to 10 mg/L
6 to 12 mg/L
7 to 14 mg/L
7 to 15 mg/L
8 to 16 mg/L
7 to 15 mg/L
If the well water sample test warrants filtration and or treatment, you should direct the client to contact
A certified plumber
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A certified water analyst
A water treatment specialist
All of the above.
A water treatment specialist
Since inspection of septic systems is outside of the home inspector standards of practice, if services are offered as auxiliary services, the client should be charged an additional fee. While inspection fees vary, they can range from _ to _.
$100 to $500
$150 to $500
$175 to $500
$200 to $600
$300 to $600
$200 to $600
A gravity fed plumbing drop for a septic system should have a drop of __ inch to __inch per 1 foot.
⅛ inch, ¼ inch
½ inch, ⅔ inch
⅔ inch, ¾ inch
¾ inch, 1 inch
1 inch, 2 inches
⅛ inch, ¼ inch
Septic tanks are generally made of which material?
Plastic
Fiberglass
Steel
Concrete
All of the above
All of the above
Septic tank sizing is based on the assumed load of the dwelling. An example of the number of bedrooms and total square footage includes a three bedroom dwelling having less than 2,250 square feet will require at least a _ tank.
700 gallon
800 gallon
900 gallon
1,000 gallon
1,200 gallon
900 gallon
What type of septic systems are the most common variety of residential drain fields?
Pressurized flow
Bed layout flow
Trench layout flow
Trench style flow
Gravity flow
Gravity flow
Which type of drain field systems is a relatively newer style growing in popularity?
Pipe and gravel
Chambers
Rockless
Multi-pipes
Dry well
Chambers
Which type of drain field system is less effective than a traditional trench due to the lack of surface area, but considered to be more durable?
Pipe and gravel
Chambers
Rockless
Multi-pipes
Dry well
Dry well
Which of the following is NOT true about your safety related to recommended personal protection equipment for home inspectors performing septic system inspections?
The Tyvek suit can be cleaned and reused.
The Tyvek non-permeable gloves can be cleaned and reused.
All tools should be cleaned after every inspection.
All tools should be stored in a location that limits cross contamination
Tools should not be kept on the interior of a vehicle.
The Tyvek non-permeable gloves can be cleaned and reused.
When inspecting a septic system using a dye and flow test, the volume amount should range from a minimum of 150 gallons to a maximum of _.
300 gallons
350 gallons
400 gallons
500 gallons
600 gallons
500 gallons
When inspecting a septic tank, a pump out is always preferred and should be done by a septic contractor along with a filter change. You can then inform the client that the next pump out should be _.
Done annually
Done biannually
Every 3 to 4 years
Every 3 to 5 years
Every 6 years
Every 3 to 5 years
Which of the following lenders “typically” have a mandated requirement to inspect septic systems?
FHA, HUD, and VA
VA, HUD, and USDA
FHA and HUD
VA and HUD
FHA, VA, USDA, and HUD
FHA, VA, USDA, and HUD
On average, a typical anaerobic, gravity fed septic system costs about _ to replace.
$6,000
$6,500
$7,000
$7,500
$8,000
$7,500
Which of the following statements is/are principal objectives when installing an electrical system?
To provide a safe way for electricity to enter the home, perform work, and leave the home
To find the a route for current to travel from the transformer to the electrical outlets in the home
To disperse the excess heat generated from electricity evenly
To provide multiple outlets for electricity to enter the home, perform work, and leave the home
All of the above.
To provide a safe way for electricity to enter the home, perform work, and leave the home
A/An _ is the unit of measurement for electrical resistance.
Volt
Amp
Ohm
Joule
Kilowatt
Ohm
What does AWG stand for when stamped on wire sheathing?
Amperage and Wattage Generator
Amperage When Grounded
American Western and General
American Wire Gauge
American Wattage Gauge
American Wire Gague
Plug fuses can be either Type _ or Type _.
V (GE Base); Y
X (GE Base); Y
A (Edison Base); S
T (Edison Base); S
T (Edison Base); T-plus
T (Edison Base); S
Per the National Electric Code, when is a light required in a walk-in closet?
A light is always required in a walk-in closet
If the closet size is over 10 square feet
If the closet size is over 15 square feet
If there is no natural light source (like a skylight or window)
A light is not required in a walk-in closet per the National Electric Code
A light is not required in a walk-in closet per the National Electric Code
Any outlet on a kitchen island needs to be a minimum of _ below the countertop.
4 inches
6 inches
12 inches
18 inches
24 inches
12 inches
Which of the following is/are ASHI Standard of Practice for home inspection?
Service Drop
Service entrance conductors, cables, and raceways
Service equipment and main disconnects
Service groundings
All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT included in the ASHI glossary for the definition wiring method?
Identification of electrical conductors by their specific type
Identification of wires by their general type
Identification of non-metallic sheathed cable if present
Identification of armored cable if present
Identification of knob and tube if present
Identification of electrical conductors by their specific type
How often does the National Fire Protection Agency NFPA recommend that every smoke alarm be replaced?
Every 6 years
Every 7 years
Every 8 years
Every 10 years
Every 12 years
Every 10 years
Which of the following is/are true about how electricity is delivered?
Electricity moves through conductors
Conductors are any material that allows electrons to move through the material
Metals are excellent conductors
Wood, rubber or plastic are nonconductors
All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT true of how electricity is delivered?
The load is necessary to convert the energy delivered by the current into work
A circuit without a load results in a “short circuit”
The energy is used up at the load to produce work
Current without energy completes the circuit by returning to its source on a hot wire
A complete circuit must include a load
Current without energy completes the circuit by returning to its source on a hot wire
What is the correct information in the definition of amps or amperage?
The amount of quantity of the electrical current
The pressure behind the current
It is measured in pounds per square inch (psi)
The rate of work or power produced by the energy in the current
Is the resistance to current flow of wires or other conductors in the circuit.
The amount of quantity of the electrical current
Which of the following appliances does not usually operate with just 120 volts?
Lamps
Small appliances
Clothes dryers
Coffee maker
Space heater
Clothes dryers
If we have 20 amps of current flowing, the temperature of the conductor rises to?
20 degrees celsius
30 degrees celsius
40 degrees celsius
50 degrees celsius
60 degrees celsius
40 degrees celcius
A service lateral that is an underground service must be protected by either a metal conduit or a…
A schedule 60 RNC
A schedule 60 RMC
A schedule 80 IMC
A schedule 80 RNC
A schedule 80 RMC
Schedule 80 RNC
Which of the following is the inspector NOT required to inspect related to heating systems?
Heating equipment
Vent systems and the interior of vent systems
Chimneys
Flues
Distribution systems
Vent systems and the interior of vent systems
On a high efficiency furnace, the air intake and the exhaust components should be
6 to 12 inches apart
8 to 14 inches apart
10 to 18 inches apart
12 to 24 inches apart
18 to 30 inches apart
12 to 24 inches apart
What type of vent is used for gas fired units?
Single wall B-vent
Single wall L-vent
Double wall B-vent
Double wall L-vent
Both single and double wall B-vent
Double wall B-vent
How many inches does there need to be in front of the furnace in an attic for servicing?
12 inches
15 inches
20 inches
30 inches
36 inches
30 inches
How much cubic feet of air for each pint of number 2 heating oil is required for an oil burning furnace?
125 cubic feet
150 cubic feet
175 cubic feet
200 cubic feet
215 cubic feet
215 cubic feet
According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), return air intake grilles must be a minimum of _ from any combustion source.
8 feet
10 feet
12 feet
15 feet
18 feet
10 feet
For fuel oil furnaces, a double wall L-vent requires a minimum of _ of clearance all the way around.
½ inch
1 inch
1 ½ inches
2 inches
3 inches
3 inches
When checking the ductwork, what should be inspected?
All habitable rooms for a permanent source of heat
All rooms should have registers
All registers should have air flow
All rooms should be consistent in temperature
All of the above
All of the above
What is by far the most common type of boiler?
Convection
Circulated
Gravity type
Hydronic or wet boilers
Circulating using pumps
Circulated
Which type of boiler has an expansion tank in an attic of other high point above the radiators?
Convection
Circulated
Gravity type
Hydronic
Wet boiler
Gravity type
Which type of boiler is known for its nice even heat and simple technology?
Mini-boiler
Circulated
Gravity type
Hydronic
Wet boiler
Gravity type
According to the standard of practice for plumbing, what should the inspector inspect?
Interior water supply
Distribution systems
Fixtures and faucets
Waste and vent systems
All of the above
All of the above
Which type of plumbing piping has a life expectancy of 40 to 50 years, was used from the 1920’s through the 1960s, and is known for interior surface corrosion over time?
Galvanized steel pipe
Lead pipe
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
Stainless steel
Copper
Galvanized steel pipe
Which type of plumbing piping was replaced by PEX and is known for leaking at fitting?
Lead
Galvanized steel pipe
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
Polybutylene
Polyvinyl chloride
Polybutylene
Plumbing vents should terminate _ away and at least 2 feet above any operable window, and at least 1 foot away from any wall.
3 feet
5 feet
7 feet
10 feet
12 feet
10 feet
Which type of plumbing piping was introduced in 1940 and comes in types K, L, M or DWV?
Galvanized steel
Copper
Brass
Polybutylene
PEX
Copper
When measuring and reporting on water pressure, it should be 30 to 80 psi. For the best pressure check, use…
A kitchen faucet
A tub spigot
A garden hose bib, upstream from the pressure regulator, if present
A garden hose bib, downstream from the pressure regulator, if present
Any of these will provide the optimal pressure check
A garden hose bib, downstream from the pressure regulator, if present
What is the minimum slope for a horizontal drain pipe to ensure proper wastewater flow?
The minimum slope for a horizontal drain pipe to ensure proper wastewater flow is 1/4 inch per foot.
What is the purpose of a plumbing trap, and where are they typically located?
The purpose of a plumbing trap is to create a water barrier that prevents sewer gases from entering the home. They are typically located under sinks, showers, bathtubs, and other plumbing fixtures.
What are the signs of a leaking or faulty pressure relief valve on a water heater?
Signs of a leaking or faulty pressure relief valve on a water heater include water leaking from the valve, a hissing or dripping sound from the valve, or no water flow from the valve when the temperature and pressure relief test is performed.
What is the recommended clearance between a water heater and combustible materials?
The recommended clearance between a water heater and combustible materials is typically 18 inches, but it can vary depending on local building codes and the type of water heater.
What are the different types of venting systems for plumbing fixtures, and how do they function?
Different types of venting systems for plumbing fixtures include:
Atmospheric venting: Uses natural air pressure to vent gases.
Air admittance valves (AAVs): Allow air to enter the system to equalize pressure.
Mechanical venting: Uses a fan to actively vent gases.
What are the common causes of low water pressure in a house, and how can they be diagnosed?
Common causes of low water pressure in a house include:
Clogged or partially closed water valves.
Leaks in the water supply line.
A malfunctioning pressure regulator.
Mineral buildup in pipes.
What is the purpose of a cleanout in a plumbing system, and where are they typically located?
A cleanout in a plumbing system provides access for clearing clogs or blockages. They are typically located outside the house, near the foundation, or inside the house in basements or crawl spaces.
What are the signs of a clogged or blocked drain line, and how can it be addressed?
Signs of a clogged or blocked drain line include slow drains, gurgling sounds from drains, sewage backups, and foul odors from drains.
What are the different types of water supply pipes used in residential plumbing, and what are their pros and cons?
Different types of water supply pipes used in residential plumbing include:
Copper: Durable and corrosion-resistant, but can be expensive.
PEX: Flexible and easy to install, but may not be allowed in all areas.
CPVC: Similar to PVC but can handle higher temperatures.
Galvanized steel: Older homes may have these, but they are prone to corrosion.
What is the purpose of a backflow preventer, and where is it typically installed?
A backflow preventer prevents contaminated water from flowing back into the potable water supply. It is typically installed on irrigation systems, fire sprinkler systems, and other systems that could potentially backflow.
What are the different types of electrical wiring used in residential homes, and what are their characteristics?
Different types of electrical wiring used in residential homes include:
Non-metallic (NM) cable: Most common type, used for general wiring.
Armored (AC) cable: Provides additional protection, often used in exposed areas.
Underground feeder (UF) cable: Designed for underground use.
What is the purpose of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), and where are they typically required?
A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects against electrical shocks by quickly shutting off power if it detects a ground fault. They are typically required in bathrooms, kitchens, garages, and outdoor outlets.
What is the difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker, and how do they protect electrical circuits?
A fuse is a one-time-use device that melts when the current exceeds its rating, while a circuit breaker can be reset after it trips. Both protect electrical circuits from overloads.
What are the signs of an overloaded electrical circuit, and what are the potential dangers?
Signs of an overloaded electrical circuit include flickering lights, warm or discolored outlets or switches, burning smells, and frequently tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses. Overloaded circuits can cause fires.
What is the purpose of a main electrical panel, and what components are typically found inside?
The main electrical panel distributes electricity throughout the house. It typically contains circuit breakers, a main disconnect switch, and grounding and neutral bars.
What is the difference between a 15-amp and 20-amp circuit, and what types of appliances are typically connected to each?
A 15-amp circuit is typically used for lighting and small appliances, while a 20-amp circuit is used for larger appliances like refrigerators, microwaves, and hair dryers.
What are the safety precautions that should be taken when working with electrical wiring and components?
Safety precautions when working with electrical wiring and components include turning off power at the breaker, using insulated tools, wearing safety glasses, and avoiding wet conditions.
What is the purpose of an electrical ground, and how does it contribute to safety?
An electrical ground provides a safe path for electrical current to flow in the event of a fault, reducing the risk of electrical shock.
What are the different types of electrical outlets and switches, and what are their specific uses?
Different types of electrical outlets and switches include:
Standard outlets: 15-amp or 20-amp, used for general purposes.
GFCI outlets: Protect against ground faults.
AFCI outlets: Protect against arc faults.
Single-pole switches: Control one light or outlet from one location.
Three-way switches: Control one light or outlet from two locations.
Four-way switches: Control one light or outlet from three or more locations.
What is the purpose of an arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), and where are they typically required?
An arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) protects against electrical fires caused by arc faults. They are typically required in bedrooms and other living areas.
What is the difference between a single-stage and two-stage air conditioner, and how do they affect energy efficiency?
A single-stage air conditioner has one compressor speed, while a two-stage air conditioner has two compressor speeds. Two-stage air conditioners are generally more energy-efficient because they can run at a lower speed most of the time.
What is the purpose of a refrigerant in an air conditioning system, and how does it work to cool the air?
Refrigerant in an air conditioning system absorbs heat from the indoor air and releases it outdoors, cooling the air in the process.
What are the common causes of an air conditioner not cooling properly, and how can they be diagnosed?
Common causes of an air conditioner not cooling properly include:
Dirty air filters.
Low refrigerant levels.
Frozen evaporator coils.
Malfunctioning thermostats.
Blocked or leaking ductwork.
What is the importance of regular maintenance for an air conditioning system, and what tasks are typically involved?
Regular maintenance for an air conditioning system is important to ensure efficient operation and prevent breakdowns. Tasks typically involved include:
Changing air filters.
Cleaning condenser coils.
Checking refrigerant levels.
Inspecting and cleaning condensate drain lines.
What are the signs of a refrigerant leak in an air conditioning system, and what are the potential dangers?
Signs of a refrigerant leak in an air conditioning system include:
Warm air blowing from vents.
Hissing or bubbling sounds from the unit.
Frozen evaporator coils.
Increased energy bills.
What is the difference between a central air conditioner and a ductless mini-split system, and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
A central air conditioner cools the entire house through a system of ducts, while a ductless mini-split system cools individual rooms or zones. Mini-splits are easier to install and can be more energy-efficient for cooling specific areas.
What is the purpose of a condensate drain line in an air conditioner, and how can it be maintained to prevent clogs?
A condensate drain line in an air conditioner removes condensation produced during the cooling process. It can be maintained by regularly flushing it with water or a bleach solution to prevent clogs.
What are the energy efficiency ratings for air conditioners (SEER, EER), and how do they affect operating costs?
Energy efficiency ratings for air conditioners include:
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio): Measures cooling efficiency over an entire season.
EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio): Measures cooling efficiency at a specific outdoor temperature. Higher SEER and EER ratings indicate greater energy efficiency and lower operating costs.
What are the different types of air filters used in air conditioners, and how do they affect indoor air quality?
Different types of air filters used in air conditioners include:
Fiberglass filters: Basic and inexpensive, but less effective at filtering smaller particles.
Pleated filters: More effective at filtering smaller particles than fiberglass filters.
HEPA filters: Highest level of filtration, removing most allergens and pollutants.
What are the safety precautions that should be taken when working with or around an air conditioning system?
Safety precautions when working with or around an air conditioning system include turning off power at the breaker, avoiding contact with electrical components, and wearing gloves and safety glasses when handling refrigerant.
What is the purpose of a septic tank, and how does it function in a septic system?
A septic tank is a large underground container that holds wastewater from the house. It allows solids to settle and be partially decomposed by bacteria, while liquids flow to the drain field for further treatment.
What is the difference between a conventional drain field and a mound system, and when is each used?
A conventional drain field is a series of trenches filled with gravel and perforated pipes that distribute wastewater for absorption into the soil. A mound system is an elevated drain field used when the soil has poor drainage or a high water table.
What are the signs of a failing septic system?
Signs of a failing septic system include:
Slow drains.
Gurgling sounds from drains.
Sewage backups.
Foul odors from drains or the drain field.
Soggy ground or lush vegetation over the drain field.
What are the maintenance requirements for a septic system?
Maintenance requirements for a septic system include:
Regular pumping, typically every 3-5 years.
Avoiding flushing non-biodegradable items like wipes, feminine hygiene products, and grease.
Conserving water to reduce the load on the system.
Having the system inspected periodically.
What are the environmental concerns associated with septic systems, and how can they be mitigated?
Environmental concerns associated with septic systems include:
Contamination of groundwater and surface water with nitrates, bacteria, and viruses.
Release of greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide.
What is the role of bacteria in a septic system, and how do they break down waste?
Bacteria in a septic system break down organic waste into simpler substances, helping to treat the wastewater.
What is the purpose of a distribution box in a septic system, and how does it work?
A distribution box in a septic system evenly distributes wastewater from the septic tank to the drain field.
What are the different types of septic system additives, and are they necessary or effective?
Septic system additives are not usually necessary or effective. Regular pumping and proper maintenance are more important for the system’s health.
What are the regulations and permits required for installing or modifying a septic system?
Regulations and permits for installing or modifying a septic system vary by location. It’s important to check with local authorities for specific requirements.
What are the alternatives to traditional septic systems?
Alternatives to traditional septic systems include aerobic treatment units (ATUs), which use oxygen to enhance the breakdown of waste, and sand filters, which filter wastewater before it’s discharged to the drain field.
What are the safety guidelines for pool chemicals, including storage, handling, and disposal?
Safety guidelines for pool chemicals include storing them in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible chemicals, handling them with gloves and eye protection, and disposing of them according to local regulations.
What is the purpose of a pool skimmer, and how does it help maintain water quality?
A pool skimmer removes debris like leaves, insects, and hair from the water’s surface, preventing them from clogging the filter and decomposing in the water.
What are the different types of pool filters and how do they work?
Different types of pool filters include:
Sand filters: Use sand to trap debris, requiring backwashing for cleaning.
Cartridge filters: Use a replaceable cartridge to trap debris.
Diatomaceous earth (DE) filters: Use DE powder to coat grids that trap very fine debris, requiring backwashing for cleaning.
What are the signs of a leak in a pool or spa, and how can they be detected and repaired?
Signs of a leak in a pool or spa include a drop in water level, wet spots around the pool or equipment, and unexplained increases in water bills. Leaks can be detected by dye testing, pressure testing, or using electronic leak detectors.
What is the importance of maintaining proper water chemistry in a pool or spa, and what are the key parameters to monitor (pH, chlorine, alkalinity)?
Maintaining proper water chemistry is crucial for bather comfort, equipment longevity, and preventing algae growth and scaling. Key parameters to monitor include pH (7.2-7.8), chlorine (1-3 ppm), and alkalinity (80-120 ppm).
What are the different types of pool heaters, and what are their operating costs and efficiency?
Different types of pool heaters include:
Gas heaters: Fast heating but higher operating costs.
Electric heaters: Slower heating and high operating costs.
Solar heaters: Eco-friendly but dependent on sunlight.
What are the safety features required for pools and spas?
Safety features required for pools and spas include fences at least 4 feet high with self-closing, self-latching gates, alarms on doors leading to the pool area, and safety covers.
What is the purpose of a pool pump?
A pool pump circulates water through the filter and heater, ensuring proper filtration and distribution of chemicals.
What are the common problems with pool equipment, such as pumps, filters, and heaters, and how can they be troubleshooted?
Common problems with pool equipment include:
Pumps: Motor failure, leaks, or clogged impeller.
Filters: Clogged media, leaks, or faulty valves.
Heaters: Ignition problems, thermostat malfunctions, or low gas pressure.
What are the energy-saving tips for pool and spa owners?
Energy-saving tips for pool and spa owners include using pool covers to reduce heat loss and evaporation, using timers to run the pump and heater during off-peak hours, and lowering the water temperature when the pool is not in use.
What is the purpose of a sump pump, and where is it typically located in a house?
A sump pump removes excess water from a basement or crawlspace, preventing flooding. It is typically located in a sump pit, the lowest point of the area.
What are the signs of a malfunctioning sump pump, and how can it be tested?
Signs of a malfunctioning sump pump include a flooded basement, unusual noises from the pump, and a pump that runs continuously or not at all. It can be tested by pouring water into the sump pit to see if the pump activates.
What are the different types of sump pumps and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
Different types of sump pumps include:
Pedestal pumps: Motor is above the sump pit, easier to access for maintenance.
Submersible pumps: Motor is submerged in the water, quieter and more durable.
What is the importance of a battery backup for a sump pump, and how does it work?
A battery backup for a sump pump is important because it ensures the pump can continue to operate during power outages, which often occur during storms when sump pumps are needed most.
What are the maintenance tasks for a sump pump?
Maintenance tasks for a sump pump include cleaning the pump and pit, checking the float switch for proper operation, and testing the pump regularly.
What are the common causes of a sump pump failure?
Common causes of sump pump failure include power outages, switch problems, clogged or frozen discharge lines, and motor failure.
What are the alternatives to a traditional sump pump?
Alternatives to a traditional sump pump include water-powered backup pumps, which use municipal water pressure to pump out water, and battery-powered backup pumps.
What are the safety precautions that should be taken when working with or around a sump pump?
Safety precautions when working with or around a sump pump include disconnecting the power before handling the pump, avoiding contact with water when the pump is plugged in, and wearing gloves and eye protection.
What is the recommended frequency for testing a sump pump, especially during rainy seasons?
It is recommended to test a sump pump at least once a year, especially before the rainy season.
What are the signs that a sump pump is not properly sized for the house, and how can it be addressed?
Signs that a sump pump is not properly sized for the house include frequent cycling on and off, inability to keep up with water flow during heavy rain, and a pump that runs continuously.
What is the purpose of a chimney liner, and what materials are commonly used for liners?
A chimney liner protects the chimney walls from heat and corrosive byproducts of combustion. Common materials for liners include clay tiles, stainless steel, and cast-in-place concrete.
What are the signs of a damaged or deteriorating chimney liner?
Signs of a damaged or deteriorating chimney liner include cracks, missing mortar, soot buildup, and rust (if it’s a metal liner).
What are the dangers of a chimney fire, and how can they be prevented?
Chimney fires can cause damage to the chimney structure, spread to the house, and release dangerous gases and embers. They can be prevented by regular chimney cleaning and inspection, burning only seasoned wood, and using a chimney cap.
What is the importance of regular chimney inspections and cleaning, and how often should they be done?
Regular chimney inspections and cleaning are crucial for safety and preventing chimney fires. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) recommends an annual inspection and cleaning as often as necessary, depending on usage.
What are the different types of chimney caps, and how do they protect the chimney?
Different types of chimney caps include:
Single flue caps: Cover one flue opening.
Multi-flue caps: Cover multiple flue openings.
Draft-increasing caps: Help improve chimney draft.
Chimney caps protect the chimney from debris, animals, and rain, and can help prevent downdrafts.
What is the difference between a masonry chimney and a prefabricated chimney, and what are their maintenance requirements?
A masonry chimney is built with bricks, stones, or concrete blocks, while a prefabricated chimney is made of metal or ceramic components. Masonry chimneys require more frequent inspection and maintenance due to potential mortar deterioration and liner damage.
What is the purpose of a chimney damper, and how does it control airflow?
A chimney damper controls airflow through the chimney. When open, it allows smoke and gases to escape; when closed, it helps prevent heat loss when the fireplace is not in use.
What are the signs of a chimney leak and how can they be repaired?
Signs of a chimney leak include water stains on the chimney walls or ceiling, efflorescence (white mineral deposits), and a damp or musty smell. Repairs may involve sealing cracks, replacing damaged flashing, or rebuilding sections of the chimney.
What are the safety codes and regulations regarding chimney installation and maintenance?
Safety codes and regulations regarding chimney installation and maintenance are typically enforced by local building departments and may reference national standards like the NFPA 211.
What are the environmental concerns associated with wood-burning fireplaces and stoves, and how can they be addressed?
Environmental concerns associated with wood-burning fireplaces and stoves include air pollution from particulate matter and carbon monoxide emissions. These can be addressed by using EPA-certified appliances, burning only seasoned wood, and ensuring proper ventilation.
What are the different types of insulation materials used in attics?
Different types of insulation materials used in attics include fiberglass, cellulose, and spray foam.
What is the recommended R-value for attic insulation in different climate zones?
The recommended R-value for attic insulation varies depending on the climate zone. Colder climates require higher R-values (e.g., R-49 to R-60), while warmer climates may only need R-30 to R-38.
What are the signs of inadequate attic insulation?
Signs of inadequate attic insulation include ice dams forming on the roof edges, high energy bills, uneven temperatures in different rooms, and cold drafts in the house.
What is the importance of proper attic ventilation, and how does it prevent moisture buildup and heat accumulation?
Proper attic ventilation is essential to prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to mold growth, wood rot, and damage to insulation. It also helps regulate temperature, preventing ice dams in winter and reducing heat buildup in summer.
What are the different types of attic ventilation systems?
Different types of attic ventilation systems include ridge vents, soffit vents, gable vents, and powered attic fans. A balanced system with intake and exhaust vents is crucial for proper airflow.
What are the common problems with attic insulation?
Common problems with attic insulation include gaps or voids in the insulation, compressed insulation that loses its effectiveness, and moisture damage that reduces R-value.
What are the safety precautions that should be taken when working in an attic?
Safety precautions when working in an attic include wearing a dust mask and gloves, using a headlamp or flashlight for illumination, and walking only on secure joists or beams to avoid falling through the ceiling.
