Module 2 Flashcards
Mineral Definition
Inorganic, naturally occurring, Solid, characteristic chemical composition Long range consistent atomic arrangement
Crystal Structure types
Isometric Tetragonal Trigonal Hexagonal Orthorhombic Monoclinic Triclinic; Now say their distinguishing features! Picture in folder.
Rocks-Igneous: How are they distinguished, list them
Distinguished by silica content SiO2. Extrusive igneous rocks, from low to high silica content are Basalt, Andesite and Rhyolite. Intrusive from low to high are gabbro, diorite and granite.
Bowen’s reaction series: Continuous branch
Calcium rich Plag->Sodium rich Plag->
Types of metamorphism
Contact metamorphism (heat)-Granofels (Marble, Quartzite), Hornfels, Skarn
Regional Metamorphism(pressure heat fluids)- Can result from orogenic (mountain building) metamorphism or burial metamorphism
Hydrothermal Metamorphism(Fluids Heat)-Ocean Floor metamorphism (mid ocean ridge), intrusion related metamorphism
Fault-Zone Metamorphism- When fault movement induces ductile pressure on a rock it forms into rocks such as cataclasites (precursor to mylonite) and mylonites (we saw one in canyon si nombre, with the names)
Impact or Shock metamorphism- asteroid impact applies pressure, heat
Protolith
The rock before metamorphism
Metamorphic Rocks: Chemical Classes
Name them!
Pelitic
Quartz Feldspathic
Mafic
Calcareous
Ultra Mafic
Pelitic
Chemical class for metamorphic rocks
Contains Al and Si
Abundant minerals: mica, garnets, staurolite, aluminosilicates
Protoliths include Shale, slate, phyllite, mudstone, siltstone
Quartz Feldspathic
Chemical class for metamorphic rocks
Contains Si, K and Na
Abundant minerals include K Feldspar, Plagioclase, Biotite, muscovite
Protoliths include feldspar sandstones, rhyolite and granite.
Mafic
Chemical class for metamorphic rocks
High in Fe and Mg
Abundant minerals include Epidote, chlorite, and plagioclase
Protoliths include Basalt, Basaltic Tuff, greywacke and lithic sandstone.
Calcareous
Chemical class for metamorphic rocks
High in Ca and carbonates
Abundant minerals include grossularite (garnet) and calcite
Protoliths include Limestones and calcite-cemented sandstones
Ultramafic
Chemical class for metamorphic rocks
High in Mg
These are serpentinites
What is metamorphic grade
Degree to which a rock has metamorphosed
Metamorphism Facies Patterns: High P Low T
Subduction Zone
Zeolite (Laumontite, Pumpellyite)->Blue Schist (Glaucophane)->Eclogite (garnet, pyroxene)
Metamorphism Facies Patterns: Medium P Medium T
Mountain Belt
Zeolite (Laumontite, pumpellyite)->Greenschist(Na Plagioclase, epidote, chlorite)->Amphibolite(Ca-Na plagioclase, hornblende)->Granulite(Ca-Na Plagioclase, Pyroxene)
