Module 2

Question 1

Do enzymes lower or raise the activation energy of a reaction?

Answer 1

Lower

Question 2

Which part of the brain controls metabolism?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

This theory is described as:
“Eating controlled by the amount of glucose in the blood vs. controlled by signals from fat stores”

Answer 3

Glucostatic theory vs. Lipostatic theory

Question 4

Uses energy to create larger molecules

Answer 4

Anabolism

Question 5

Releases energy when breaking bigger molecules down into smaller parts

Answer 5

Catabolism

Question 6

Anabolism occurs in the “…” state

Answer 6

Fed state, Absorptive state

Question 7

Catabolism occurs in the “…” state

Answer 7

Fasted state, Post-absorptive state

Question 8

Energy Input ? Energy Output

Answer 8

Energy Input = Energy Output

Question 9

Nutrient pools are available for immediate use in the “?”

Answer 9

Plasma

Question 10

Synthesis of glycogen

Answer 10

Glycogenesis

Question 11

Breakdown of glycogen

Answer 11

Glycogenolysis

Question 12

Synthesis of glucose from something other than a carbohydrate

Answer 12

Gluconeogenesis

Question 13

Synthesis of fat

Answer 13

Lipogenesis

Question 14

In glucose storage, is glycogen for short-term or long-term storage?

Answer 14

Short-term

Question 15

In glucose storage, is fat used for short-term or long-term storage?

Answer 15

Long-term storage

Question 16

What is the building block of protein?

Answer 16

Amino Acids

Question 17

What happens to excess amino acids?

Answer 17

Burned as energy or stored as fat

Question 18

What do fats store?

Answer 18

Energy

Question 19

What are the building blocks of fats?

Answer 19

Triglycerides

Question 19

Glycogen is converted to glucose

Answer 19

Glycogenolysis

Question 20

Breakdown of amino acids

Answer 20

Deamination

Question 20

When amino acids are used to make ATP, what is a common byproduct?

Answer 20

Ammonia, which is converted to urea

Question 21

What macromolecule stores more energy than glucose or protein?

Answer 21

Lipids

Question 22

Lipids are broken down through ?

Answer 22

Lipolysis

Question 23

Fatty acids undergo which type of oxidation when producing acetyl co-A in the kreb’s cycle?

Answer 23

Beta oxidation

Question 24

What happens to excess acetyl co-A?

Answer 24

They become ketone bodies (ketones)

Excess of ketones can lead to ketoacidosis

Question 25

Carbohydrates are absorbed as what?

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

In “fed-state” metabolism, is anabolism or catabolism occurring?

Answer 26

Anabolism

Question 27

In fed-state metabolism, what happens to the glucose (that was absorbed as a carbohydrate)?

There are 3 possibilities

Answer 27

*It is used immediately through GLYCOLYSIS
*Stored as glycogen in the liver
*Converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue

Question 28

In fasted-state metabolism, what happens to the stored glycogen?

Answer 28

Glycogen is broken down through glycogenolysis to produce glucose

Question 29

What are proteins absorbed as?

Answer 29

Amino Acids (plus some small peptides)

Question 30

In fed-state metabolism, what can happen to amino acids?

There are 2 possibilities

Answer 30

*Amino acids go to tissues for protein synthesis
*Excess converted to fats and stored in adipose tissue

Question 31

In fasted-state metabolism, what can happen to proteins?

Answer 31

*Proteins broken down. to amino acids, then amino acids are deaminated in the liver for ATP production OR used to make glucose = GLUCONEOGENESIS

Question 32

What are fats absorbed as?

Answer 32

Fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol

Question 33

In fed-state metabolism, what can happen to absorbed fats?

There are 2 possibilities

Answer 33

*Stored as triglycerides in liver and adipose tissue = LIPOGENESIS
*Cholesterol used as steroids or recruited to be a part of membranes

Question 34

In fasted-state metabolism, what can happen to stored triglycerides?

There are 2 possibilities

Answer 34

*Triglycerides broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
=LIPOLYSIS
*Fatty acids used for ATP production through beta-oxidation