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Biology 101 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What elements are the key building blocks of the chemicals found in living things?

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus

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2
Q

What is life made up of?

A

Matter

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3
Q

What does matter do?

A

It occupies space and has mass.

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3
Q

What is matter composed of?

A

Elements

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4
Q

What are elements?

A

Substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemically into other substances.

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5
Q

What are elements made from?

A

Atoms, each with a constant number of protons and unique properties.

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6
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest component of an element that retains all of the chemical properties of that element.

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7
Q

What do atoms combine to form?

A

Molecules

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8
Q

What do all atoms contain?

A

Protons, electrons, and neutrons.

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9
Q

What is a proton?

A

a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom and has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1.

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10
Q

What is an electron?

A

a negatively charged particle that travels in the space around the nucleus. In other words, it resides outside of the nucleus. It has a negligible mass and has a charge of –1.

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11
Q

What is a neutron?

A

Resides in the nucleus of an atom like a proton. They have a mass of 1 and no charge. The positive (protons) and negative (electrons) charges balance each other in a neutral atom, which has a net zero charge.

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12
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The core of the atom

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13
Q

What is the mass of an atom?

A

It’s equal to the number of protons and neutrons of that atom.

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14
Q

What is the structure of an atom?

A

Atoms are made up of protons and neutrons located within the nucleus, and electrons surrounding the nucleus.

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15
Q

How does the structure of an atom lead to its chemical properties?

A

the arrangement of its subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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16
Q

What are the main types of atoms found in biological systems?

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur

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17
Q

What are the 3 basic types of chemical bonds and their role in biological systems?

A

Ionic bonds, non-polar covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds.

18
Q

What are the basic mechanisms of reactions?

A

chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds

19
Q

What are the unique life giving qualities of water?

A

Temperature stabilization, solvent, cohesion & adhesion.

20
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

equal to the number of protons that element contains

21
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

the average mass of an atom of a particular chemical element

22
Q

What are isotopes?

A

one or more forms of an element that havethe same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons

23
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

a spontaneous process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation

24
Q

What are electron shells?

A

regions surrounding an atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found

25
Q

What are ions?

A

an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge (AKA charged atoms)

26
Q

What are molecules?

A

chemical entities composed of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. These atoms can be of the same or different elements. The smallest unit of a compound that retains its chemical properties is a molecule.

27
Q

What are chemical bonds?

A

the result of atoms reacting

28
Q

Ionic bonds?

A

Bond where electrons are completely transferred. Forms two ions that are electrically attracted to each other to create an ionic compound.

29
Q

Polar covalent bonds?

A

Bonds where an electron is shared between atoms. Electrons are shared unequally

30
Q

Non-polar covalent bonds?

A

Bonds where an electron is shared between atoms. Electrons are shared equally

31
Q

Polar molecule?

A

a molecule with slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule

32
Q

Hydrogen bond?

A

found in water molecules. Very weak interaction and short lived. When cooled. they can get locked into place to create ice. When heated, all the hydrogen bonds will break and the molecules are free to float away. Aka boiling.

33
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

polar molecules or ions that Mix with water.

34
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

non-polar molecules. Don’t mix with water very well.

35
Q

What is a solvent?

A

a substance, usually a liquid, that has the ability to dissolve other substances (solute) to form a solution

36
Q

What is cohesion?

A

the property of a substance that causes its molecules to be attracted to each other, leading to the formation of a unified and stable mass

37
Q

What is surface tension?

A

a property of liquids that arises due to the cohesive forces between molecules at the surface of the liquid

38
Q

What is adhesion?

A

the attraction between molecules of different substances. It refers to the tendency of dissimilar molecules to stick to each other. water will adhere to hydrophilic substances

39
Q

What is a PH scale?

A

a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance

40
Q

What is an acid?

A

more hydrogen than hydroxide in a solution

41
Q

What is a base?

A

more hydroxide than hydrogen ions in a solution

42
Q

What is a buffer?

A

a solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added to it.

Biology 101 (7 decks)

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