Module 2

Question 1

IP Datagram

Answer 1

Highly structured series of fields that are strictly defined. An IP packet.

Question 2

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Answer 2

A protocol used to discover the hardware address of a node with a certain IP address

Question 3

ARP Table

Answer 3

A list of IP addresses and the MAC address associated with them

Question 4

Subnetting

Answer 4

The process of taking a large network and splitting it up into many individual and smaller subnetworks, or subnets

Question 5

Class A Address

Answer 5

1st octet is used for network ID, last 3 are used for host ID. 0-127

Question 6

Class B Address

Answer 6

1st 2 octets are used for network, last 2 are used for host. 128-191

Question 7

Class C Address

Answer 7

First 3 octets are used for network, last 3 are used for host. 192-223

Question 8

CIDR

Answer 8

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) allows network routers to route data packets to the respective device based on the indicated subnet. Instead of classifying the IP address based on classes, routers retrieve the network and host address as specified by the CIDR suffix.

Question 9

Demarcation Point

Answer 9

To describe where one network system ends and another one begins.

Question 10

Address Class System

Answer 10

A system which defines how the global IP address space is split up

Question 11

ASN

Answer 11

Autonomous System Number is a number assigned to an individual autonomous system

Question 12

Demarcate

Answer 12

To set the boundaries of something

Question 13

Destination Network

Answer 13

The column in a routing table that contains a row for each network that the router knows about

Question 14

DHCP

Answer 14

A technology that assigns an IP address automatically to a new device. It is an application layer protocol that automates the configuration process of hosts on a network.

Question 15

Dotted Decimal Notation

Answer 15

A format of using dots to separate numbers in a string, such as in an IP address

Question 16

Dynamic IP address

Answer 16

An IP address assigned automatically to a new device through a technology known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Question 17

Exterior Gateway

Answer 17

Protocols that are used for the exchange of information between independent autonomous systems

Question 18

Flag Field

Answer 18

It is used to indicate if datagram is allowed to be fragmented, or to indicate that the datagram has already been fragmented

Question 19

Fragmentation

Answer 19

The process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it up into several smaller datagrams

Question 20

Fragmentation offset field

Answer 20

It contains values used by the receiving end to take all the parts of a fragmented packet and put them back together in the correct order

Question 21

Header Checksum Field

Answer 21

A checksum of the contents of the entire IP datagram header

Question 22

Header length field

Answer 22

A four bit field that declares how long the entire header is. It is almost always 20 bytes in length when dealing with IPv4

Question 23

IANA

Answer 23

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, is a non-profit organization that helps manage things like IP address allocation

Question 24

Identification Field

Answer 24

A 16-bit number that’s used to group messages together

Question 25

Interface

Answer 25

For a router, the port where a router connects to a network. A router gives and receives data through its interfaces. These are also used as part of the routing table.

Question 26

Interior Gateway

Answer 26

Interior gateway protocols are used by routers to share information within a single autonomous system

Question 27

IP Datagram

Answer 27

A highly structured series of fields that are strictly defined

Question 28

IP options field

Answer 28

An optional field and is used to set special characteristics for datagrams primarily used for testing purposes

Question 29

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Answer 29

A mitigation tool that lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network

Question 30

Next hop

Answer 30

The IP address of the next router that should receive data intended for the destination networking question or this could just state the network is directly connected and that there aren’t any additional hops needed. Defined as part of the routing table

Question 31

Non-routable address space

Answer 31

They are ranges of IPs set aside for use by anyone that cannot be routed to

Question 32

Padding field

Answer 32

A series of zeros used to ensure the header is the correct total size

Question 33

Protocol field

Answer 33

A protocol field is an 8-bit field that contains data about what transport layer protocol is being used

Question 34

Routing protocols

Answer 34

Special protocols the routers use to speak to each other in order to share what information they might have

Question 35

Service type field

Answer 35

A eight bit field that can be used to specify details about quality of service or QoS technologies

Question 36

Static IP address

Answer 36

An IP address that must be manually configured on a node

Question 37

Subnet mask

Answer 37

32-bit numbers that are normally written as four octets of decimal numbers

Question 38

Time-To-Live field (TTL)

Answer 38

An 8-bit field that indicates how many router hops a datagram can traverse before it’s thrown away

Question 39

Total hops

Answer 39

The total number of devices data passes through to get from its source to its destination. Routers try to choose the shortest path, so fewest hops possible. The routing table is used to keep track of this

Question 40

Total length field

Answer 40

A 16-bit field that indicates the total length of the IP datagram it’s attached to