Module 2

Question 1

trust vs mistrust

Answer 1

learn that adults can be trusted
learn to trust the world and what is around them

Question 2

autonomy vs shame

Answer 2

begin to explore their world
they learn that they can control their actions and act on their environment to get a result they want

Question 3

initiative vs guilt

Answer 3

are capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social interaction and play

Question 4

industry vs inferiority

Answer 4

begin to compare themselves to their peers and see how they measure up
develop a sense of pride or shame

Question 5

identity vs role confusion

Answer 5

struggle with the question of who am I and what do I want to do with my lifein

Question 6

timacy vs isolation

Answer 6

if other stages have not been successfully resolved they may have troubles developing and maintaining successful relationships

Question 7

generatively vs stagnation

Answer 7

finding your life’s work and contribution to the development of others through activities
finding how to contribute to the next generation

Question 8

integrity vs despair

Answer 8

reflection on their life and feel either a sense of satisfaction of failure

Question 9

classical conditioning

Answer 9

helps to understand our responses to one situation becomes attach to a new situation

Question 10

operant conditioning

Answer 10

organisms learn to associate a behavior with its consequences

Question 11

social learning theory

Answer 11

learning occurs in a social context
it takes dynamic and reciprocal interactions into account

Question 12

what are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 12

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 13

what is sensorimotor stage

Answer 13

experiences through senses and actions, issues with object permanence and stranger anxiety

Question 14

what is the preoperational stage

Answer 14

use words and images to represent things but lack logical reasoning, they do not understand conservation

Question 15

what is the concrete operational stage

Answer 15

understand concrete events and logical analogies , understand reversibility

Question 16

what is Formal Operational

Answer 16

Utilize abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking

Question 17

Describe information processing approaches to cognitive development

Answer 17

Assumes that even complex behavior (learning, remembering) can be broken down into a series of individual steps
The mind is like a computer which is responsible for analyzing info from the environment

Question 18

Describe the major concepts of humanistic theory (unconditional positive regard, the good life), as developed by Carl Rodgers

Answer 18

a personality theory that emphasizes the importance of the self-actualizing tendency in shaping human personalities
We are constantly reacting to stimuli with subjective reality. Over time, we develop a self-concept based on the feedback from this field of reality

Question 19

What are the Hierarchy of needs

Answer 19

Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Love and Belonging
Esteem
Self-Actualization

Question 20

Describe Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory of cognitive development

Answer 20

Social interaction, leads children go through a continuous process of scaffolding learns

Question 21

what is the real self

Answer 21

who you actually are

Question 22

what is the ideal self

Answer 22

the person you would like to be

Question 23

on the hierarchy of needs what is physiological needs

Answer 23

the main requirement for human survival

Question 24

on the hierarchy of needs what is safety needs

Answer 24

the need for personal, emotional, financial, and physical security

Question 25

on the hierarchy of needs what is love and belonging

Answer 25

the need for friendship, intimacy, and belonging

Question 26

on the hierarchy of needs what is esteem

Answer 26

the typical desire to be accepted and valued by others

Question 27

on the hierarchy of needs what is self-actualization

Answer 27

the desire to accomplish everything that one can

Question 28

what is Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model

Answer 28

made to explain how everything in a child and the child’s environment affect their development

Question 29

microsystem

Answer 29

parents or siblings
those who have direct significant contact with the person

Question 30

mesosystem

Answer 30

larger organizational structures
school, family, religion

Question 31

exosystem

Answer 31

a community’s values, history, and economy can impact the organizational structures it houses

Question 32

macrosystems

Answer 32

cultural elements

Question 33

descrie the evolutionary perspective

Answer 33

seeks to identify behavior that is the result of our genetic inheritance