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NRSG266 > module 2 > Flashcards

module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some physical ageing changes?

A
  1. wrinkles
  2. hair loss
  3. thicker hair in ears/nose
  4. double chin
  5. loss of height
  6. curving posture
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2
Q

age related changes to the cardiovascular system

A
  • valves become less efficient
  • left ventricular and atrial hypertrophy
  • aterial wall thickens
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3
Q

age related changes in the gastrointestinal system

A
  • decreases in strength of muscles of taste and thirst (reduced and slower absorption of nutrients)
  • liver size and blood flow are reduced (decreased metabolism of drugs)
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4
Q

age related changes in endocrine system

A
  • reduced testosterone production
  • reduced vit D absorption and activation
  • reduced secretion of TSH and thryoxine
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5
Q

age related changes to skin, hair and nails

A
  • dermis becomes thinner - more prone to injury
  • subcutaneous tissue thins - reduced ability to modulate temp
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6
Q

age related changes in musculoskeletal system

A
  • decreased muscle mass and strength - sarcopenia
  • lower limb muscles atrophy
  • deterioation and drying of joint cartilage
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7
Q

age related factors which contribute to a decline in muscle strength

A
  • lack of activity or immobility
  • dietary factors
  • decreased oxygen
  • GIT malabsorption or impaired glucose
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8
Q

age related changes to the respiratory system

A
  • decreased respiratory muscle strength
  • decreased vital capacity in lungs
  • increased residual volume in lungs
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9
Q

age related changes in urinary system

A
  • decreases in kidney mass
  • decrease in blood flow through kidney
  • reduced bladder elasticity
  • increased post- void residual
  • prostate enalargement
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10
Q

age related changes in reproductive system

A

female
* external and internal genitals
males
* reduced fertility

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11
Q

age related changes to the eye and vision

A

conjunctiva
* decrease in numbers of goblet cells
pupil
* size becomes smaller

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12
Q

what is the RLT model for nursing

A

a conceptual framework for practice a way of thinking about nursing based on a model of living

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13
Q

what are the 12 activities of living?

A
  1. maintaining a safe envrionment
  2. communicating
  3. breathing
  4. eating and drinking
  5. eliminating
  6. personal cleaning and dressing
  7. controlling body temp
  8. mobilizing
  9. working and playing
  10. expressing sexuality
  11. sleeping
  12. dying
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14
Q

nursing theories of ageing

A

theories of ageing
* focus on explaining the reasons why and how human beings age

nursing theories of ageing
* discipline specific in that they focus on the core concepts of person, health, nursing and envrionment

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15
Q

what is miller’s theory - concpets

A
  • care is holisitc
  • age related chnages have a different impact than risk factors
  • health promotion interventions are prioritised
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16
Q

different types of biological theories of ageing

A
  1. wear and tear theory
  2. corss linkage theory
  3. free radical theory
  4. endocrine thoery
  5. immunological theory
  6. evolutionary theories
17
Q

what is the wear and tear theory

A
  • repetitive use of different body structures over time
  • the human body can be likened to a machine
  • wearing out the skeletal system
18
Q

what is cross linking theory

A
  • ageing resuts from the accumulation of bonds between molecules
19
Q

what is the free radical theory

A
  • oxidative stress
  • made in the body through oxidation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates
20
Q

programmed theory of ageing

A
  • ageing is a programmed aspect of huamn development
21
Q

evolutionary theories of ageing

A
  • ageing has not evolved for “the good of the species” but is a “feature of life that exists because selection is weak and ineffective at maintaining survival, reproduction and somatic repair at old age
22
Q

immunological theories of ageing

A
  • the immune system is programmed to decline over time
  • ageing is a result of damage to the immune system
23
Q

onset differences between delirium, dementia and depression

A
  • delirium - sudden over hours or days
  • dementia - slow, deterioration over months or years
  • depression - often abrupt - may coincide with life changes
24
Q
A
25
Q

course difference between delirium, dementia and depression

A
  • delirium - short/ flucuating, worse at night. reverisble when underlying condition treated
  • dementia - symptoms are progressive over a long period of time and not reversible
  • depression - worse in the morning, reverible when treated
26
Q
A

NRSG266 (11 decks)

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