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ME 212 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

They are primarily tasked with providing leadership in the quest for the attainment of the organization’s objectives.

A

Managers

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2
Q

It will provide the right environment for continuous growth and success of any organized effort.

A

Good decisions

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3
Q

It must be made at various levels in the workplace. They are also made at the various stages in the management process.

A

Decisions

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4
Q

Decision making is a responsibility of the _____________.

A

engineer manager

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5
Q

Delaney concludes that this type of managers are dangerous and “should be removed from their position as soon as possible.”

A

manager who cannot or don’t want to make decisions

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6
Q

True or False. The lower the management level is, the bigger and the more complicated decision-making becomes.

A

False (lower - higher)

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7
Q

It may be defined as the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action in a manner appropriate to the demands of the situation.

A

Decision making

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8
Q

True or False. Engineer manager must adapt a certain procedure designed to determine the best option available to solve certain problems.

A

true

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9
Q

What are the various management levels?

A
  1. top
  2. middle
  3. lower levels
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10
Q

What are the various management functions?

A
  1. planning
  2. organizing
  3. directing
  4. controlling
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11
Q

__________ , according to Nickels and others, “is the heart of all the management functions

A

Decision making

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12
Q

Rational decision making according to David H. Holt, is a process involving the following steps:

A
  1. Diagnose problem
  2. Analyze environment
  3. Articulate problem or opportunity
  4. Develop viable alternatives
  5. Evaluate alternatives
  6. Make a choice
  7. Implement decision
  8. Evaluate and adapt decision results
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13
Q

If a manager wants to make an intelligent decision, his first move must be _________________.

A

to identify the problem

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14
Q

It is tantamount to having the problem half solved.

A

Identification of the problem

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15
Q

It exists when there is a difference between an actual situation and a desired situation

A

Problem

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16
Q

The objective of environmental analysis is the ________________________.

A

identification of constraints

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17
Q

The objective of environmental analysis is the identification of constraints, which may be spelled out as either _______ or _________.

A

internal or external limitations

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18
Q

Examples of internal limitations are as follows:

A
  1. Limited funds available for the purchase of equipment.
  2. Limited training on the part of employees.
  3. Ill designed facilities
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19
Q

Examples of external limitations are as follows:

A
  1. Patents are controlled by other organizations.
  2. A very limited market for the company’s products
  3. Strict enforcement of local zoning regulations
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20
Q

True or False. When decisions are to be made, the internal and external limitations may not be considered.

A

False (may not be - must be)

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21
Q

True or False. It may be costly, later on to alter a decision because of a constraint that has not been previously identified.

A

True

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22
Q

The environment consists of two major concerns:

A
  1. External
  2. Internal
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23
Q

It refers to variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top managemen

A

external environment

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24
Q

It refers to organizational activities within a firm that surrounds decision-making.

A

internal environment

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25
Before a strategy can be explored, a ___________________ has to happen.
clear articulation of the problem
26
Oftentimes, problems may be solved by any of the solutions offered. The best among the alternative solutions may be considered by management. This is made possible by using a procedure with the following steps
1. Prepare a list of alternatives solutions. 2. Determine the viability of each solutions. 3. Revise the list by striking out those which are not viable
27
True or False. After determining the viability of the alternatives and a revised list has been made, an evaluation of the remaining alternatives is necessary.
True
28
How the alternatives will be evaluated will depend on the ___________________
1. nature of the problem, 2. the objectives of the firm, and 3. the nature of alternative presented.
29
Each alternative must be analyzed and evaluated in terms of its _____, ______ and ___________________________.
1. value 2. cost 3. risk characteristics
30
It refers to benefits that can be expected.
value of alternatives
31
It refers to the process of selecting among alternatives representing potential solutions to a problem.
Choice-making
32
True or False. A particular effort should be made to identify all significant consequences of each choice.
True
33
After a decision has been made, ___________ follows.
implementation
34
It refers to carrying out the decision so that the objectives sought will be achieved.
Implementation
35
To make implementations effective, a _______must be devised.
plan
36
At this stage, the resources must be made available so that the decision may be properly implemented.
Implementation
37
It is, therefore, important for the manager to use __________ to ensure results and to provide information for future decision
control and feedback mechanisms
38
It refers to the process which requires checking at each stage of the process to assure that the alternatives generated, the criteria used in evaluation and the solution selected for implementation are in keeping with the goals and objectives originally specified.
Feedback
39
It refers to actions made to ensure that the activities performed match the desired activities or goals that have been set.
Control
40
In this last stage of the decision making process, the engineering management will find whether or not the desired result is achieved.
Evaluate and Adapt Decision Results
41
In decision making the engineer manager is faced with problems which may either be simple or complex. To provide him with some guide, he must be familiar with the following approaches:
1. Qualitative Evaluation 2. Quantitative Evaluation
42
This term refers to evaluation of alternatives using subjective judgement.
Qualitative Evaluation
43
Stevenson states that manager tends to use the qualitative approach when:
1. The problem is fairly simple. 2. The problem is familiar. 3. The costs involved are not great. (Low cost) 4. Immediate decisions are needed
44
This term refers to the evaluation of alternatives using any technique in a group classified as rational and analytical.
Quantitative Evaluation
45
The types of quantitative techniques which may be useful in decision making are as follows:
1. Inventory models 2. Queuing theory 3. Network models 4. Forecasting 5. Regression analysis 6. Simulation 7. Linear programming 8. Sampling theory 9. Statistical decision theory
46
They consist of several types all designed to help the engineer manager make decisions regarding inventory.
Inventory Models
47
Enumerate the four inventory models.
1. Economic order quantity model 2. Production order quantity model 3. Back order inventory model 4. Quantity discount model
48
This one is used to calculate the number of items that should be ordered at one time to minimize the total yearly cost of placing orders and carrying the items in inventory.
Economic order quantity model
49
This is an economic order quantity technique applied to production order.
Production order quantity model
50
This is an inventory model used for planned shortages.
Back order inventory model
51
This is an inventory model used to minimize the total cost when quantity discounts are offered be suppliers.
Quantity discount model
52
It is one that describe how to determine the number of service units that will minimize both customers waiting time and cost of service.
Queuing Theory
53
It is applicable to companies where waiting lines are a common situation.
Queuing Theory
54
Examples are cars waiting for service at a car service center, ships and barges waiting at the harbor for loading and unloading by dockworkers, programs to be run in a computer system that processes jobs and etc.
Queuing Theory
55
These are models where large complex tasks are broken into smaller segments that can be managed independently.
Network Models
56
The two most prominent network models are:
1. The Program Evaluation Review (PERT) 2. The Critical Path Method (CPM)
57
This is a technique that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects by employing three times estimates for each activity.
The Program Evaluation Review (PERT)
58
This is a network technique using only one time factor per activity that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects.
The Critical Path Method (CPM)
59
True or False. To make decisions on capacity more effective, the engineer manager must be provided with data on demand requirements for the next 24 months.
False (only 12 months)
60
It may be defined as “the collection of past and current information to make predictions about the future.”
Forecasting
61
It is a forecasting method that examines the association between two or more variables.
Regression Model
62
What does regression model use to predict future events?
data from previous period
63
It may be simple or multiple depending on the number of independent variables present.
Regression analysis
64
When one independent variable is involved in regression analysis, it is called __________.
simple regression
65
When two or more variables are involved in regression analysis, it is called _________.
multiple regression
66
It is a model constructed to present reality, on which conclusions about real life problems can be used.
Simulation
67
It is a highly sophisticated tool by means of which the decision marker develops a mathematical model of the system under consideration.
Simulation
68
It does not guarantee on optimum solution, but it can evaluate the alternatives fed into the process by the decision-maker.
Simulation
69
It is a quantitative technique that is used to produce an optimum solution within the bounds imposed by constraints upon the decision.
Linear Programming
70
It is very useful as a decision-making tool when supply and demand limitations at plants, warehouse, or market areas are constraints upon the system
Linear Programming
71
It is a quantitative technique where samples of populations are statistically determined to be used for a number of processes, such as quality control and marketing research.
Sampling Theory
72
It refers to the “rational way to conceptualize, analyze, and solve problems in situations involving limited, or partial information about the decision environment."
Decision Theory
73
The purpose of _____________ is to revise and update the initial assessments of the event probabilities generated by the alternative solutions.
Bayesian analysis
74
Draw the Feedback as a Control Mechanism in Decision-making-process
draw
75
The Engineering Firm and its External Environment.
1. Engineers 2. Government 3. Clients 4. Competitors 5. Public 6. Banks 7. Suppliers 8. Labor Union
76
The Engineering Firm and its Internal Environment.
1. Organizational Aspects 2. Marketing Aspects 3. Personnel Aspects 4. Production Aspects 5. Financial Aspects
77

ME 212 (5 decks)

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