Module 2

Question 1

What is ionisation

Answer 1

Turning an atom/element Into an ion specifically positive ion

Question 2

Give an equation to represent ionisation

Answer 2

X (g) -> X* (g). + e-

Question 3

What are the two axis of a mass spectrum

Answer 3

-relative abundance
-m/z (mass charge ratio)

Question 4

What is the isotopic mass of an atom

Answer 4

Mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of an atom of C-12

Question 5

What is the relative atomic mass

Answer 5

Weighted mean mass of an element when compared to C-12 when C-12 has a mass of 12

Question 6

Relative atomic mass equations

Answer 6

(Mass number x %) + ( mass number x %)
———————————————————-
100

Question 7

What is an orbital

Answer 7

Region of space that electrons are most likely to be in around the nucleus

Question 8

What are the 4 types of orbitals in order

Answer 8

S, P, D and F

Question 9

How many electrons can occupy any one orbital and what spin will they have

Answer 9

2 electrons and they’ll have opposite spin

Question 10

What do orbitals make

Answer 10

Sub shells

Question 11

What shape is an s orbital

Answer 11

Sphere

Question 12

What shape is a P orbital

Answer 12

Dumbbell

Question 13

How many p orbitals make a p subshell

Answer 13

3p

Question 14

How many d orbitals make a d subshell

Answer 14

5

Question 15

How many s orbitals make a s subshell

Answer 15

1

Question 16

How many f orbitals make an f subshell

Answer 16

7f

Question 17

What is quantum level 1 made up of

Answer 17

S subshell with 2 electrons

Question 18

What is quantum level 2 made up of

Answer 18

2 sub shells (2s 2p)
One s orbital in the subshell with 2 electrons
Three p orbitals in the p subshell with 6 electrons

Question 19

What is the electrons configuration for sodium (Na)

Answer 19

2,8,1:
1S^2 2S^2 2P^6 3S^1

Question 20

rules for filling the orbitals

Answer 20

1. Electrons enter the lowest energy orbital available
2. -electrons fill the next singly occupied orbital
   -electrons only share orbitals when there are no empty orbitals in the subshell

Question 21

What is the relative molecular mass

Answer 21

Sum of relative atomic mass of all the atoms in a molecule of a compound (Mr)

Question 22

What is a mole

Answer 22

Unit for amount of a substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the C-12 isotope

Question 23

What is avogadros constant

Answer 23

6.02 x 10^23

Question 24

How many molecules of copper sulphate are in 1 mol of copper sulphate

Answer 24

6.02 x 10^23

Question 25

Reacting mass calculation when given 1 mass order or working

Answer 25

1. Mol of known (mass/mr) 2. Mol ratio (mol : unknown) 3. Mass of unknown (mol x Mr)

Question 26

Limiting reagent calculation when given two masses order of calculation

Answer 26

1. Mol of both given reagents (mass/mr) 2. Mol ratio to find limiting reagent 3. Mol known from step 1 4. Mol ratio (limiting : unknown) 5. Mass unknown (mol x Mr)

Question 27

What is the empirical formula

Answer 27

Simplest whole number ratio of each element present ina compound

Question 28

What is the molecular formula

Answer 28

Actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 29

Method for working out the empirical formula when given mass or percentages

Answer 29

In a table 1. Write mass or percentage of each element 2. Mind mol (mass/Ar) for each element 3. Find ratio (divide both by smallest mol) 4. Whole number ratio 5. Formula

Question 30

What is the standard notation for displaying the electronic structure when drawing the electrons in orbitals

Answer 30

An arrow up and an arrow down each showing an electrons and the opposite spins

Question 31

Which two elements have different electron configurations

Answer 31

Copper and chromium Cu and Cr

Question 32

Why do Cr and Cu have different electron configurations

Answer 32

More stable with a half full or full subshell of 3drather than in 4S

Question 33

Electron configuration for Cr

Answer 33

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^5

Question 34

Electron configuration for Cu

Answer 34

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^10

Question 35

anhydrous meaning

Answer 35

Substance that contains no water molecules

Question 36

Hydrated meaning

Answer 36

Crystalline and containing water molecules

Question 37

Water of crystallisation meaning

Answer 37

Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound

Question 38

How to do a calculation of the formula of a hydrated salt ( water of crystallisation) when given percentage composition, mass composition or based on results

Answer 38

1. Mol of anhydrous (mass/mr) 2. Mol of water (mass/mr) 3. Ratio using mol

Question 39

Limiting reagent?

Answer 39

Substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first

Question 40

What is room temperature pressure

Answer 40

208k and 101kPa

Question 41

Equation mol of gas

Answer 41

Number of moles = volume in dm^3/24

Question 42

What does a 1 mol dm^3 solution mean

Answer 42

Solution contains 1 mol of solute dissolved in each 1 dm^3 of solution

Question 43

Equation for moles for solution

Answer 43

Mol = conc x vol

Question 44

What is the ideal gas equation

Answer 44

pV=nRT

Question 45

What do the letter in the ideal gas equation stand for

Answer 45

p=pressure, V=volume, n=mol of gas, R=ideal gas constant, T=temperature

Question 46

Units in the ideal gas equation

Answer 46

p=Pa, V=m^3, n=no units, R= 8.314, T=K