MODULE 2 Flashcards
It is regarded as the most fundamental of all surveying observations.
Distance measurement
Distance obtained by this is sufficiently accurate for many purposes in surveying, engineering, geology, agriculture, forestry, and military field sketching.
Pacing
It is also used to detect blunders that may occur in making distance observations by more accurate methods.
Pacing
It consists of counting the number of steps or paces in a required distance.
Pacing
It is defined as the length of space in walking.
Pace
It is two paces.
Strides
It is very useful in all approximate determination of distance in reconnaissance surveys and similar works.
Pacing
It is defined as the ratio of the measured distance in the number of paces made by an individual to cover the measured distance.
Pace Factor
True or False. The length of an individual’s pace varies when going uphill or downhill and changes with age.
True
For long distances, a pocket instrument called a __________ can be carried to register the number of paces, or a _________ attached to the body or leg counts the step.
- pedometer
- passometer
If the terrain is open and reasonably level, experienced pacers can measure distances of ________ with an accuracy of _____ to ______ of the distance.
- 100 ft or longer
- 1/50 to 1/100
It consists of applying the known length of a graduated tape directly to a line a number of times.
Observations of horizontal distances by taping
What are the two types of problems that arise in the observation of horizontal distances by taping?
- observing an unknown distance between fixed points, such as between two stakes in the ground
- laying out a known or required distance with only the starting mark in place
It is the most common method of measuring or laying out horizontal distances.
Use of graduated tapes
It consists of sketching a calibrated tape between two points and reading the distance indicated in the tape.
Taping
It is a form of direct measurement that is widely used in the construction of buildings, dams, canals, and many other engineering as well as non-engineering activities.
Taping
The following are the commonly used tapes of measuring tapes:
- Steel Tape
- Mettalic Tape
- Non-metallic tape
- Invar tape
- Lovar tape
- Wires
- Builder’s tape
- Phophor-bronze tape
- Fiberglass tape
- Nylon Coated Steel Tape
The following are the accessories used in taping work:1
- Range pole
- Tape climbing handles
- Chaining pins
- Tension handle
- Tape thermometer
- Plumb Bob
- Wooden stake or hub
- Leather thongs
- Hand Level & Clinometers
- Tape Repairs List
- Crayons
When the measurement is undertaken in the level ground and open field, the taping party consists of the following individuals:
- Head Tape Man
- Recorder
- Flag Man or Rod Man
- Rear Tape Man
It is determined from the difference between the true length or actual length of tape (T.L) and the nominal length of tape (N.L)
Absolute value for the correction for tape length (corr)
