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FUNDASERV 215 > MODULE 1 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other term for surveying?

A

geomatics

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2
Q

It is the science, art, and technology of determining the relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the Earth’s surface, or of establishing such points.

A

Surveying

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3
Q

It is the discipline that encompasses all methods for measuring and collecting information about the physical earth and our environment, processing that information, and disseminating a variety of resulting products to a wide range of clients.

A

Surveying

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4
Q

What were the earliest applications of surveying?

A

measuring and marking boundaries of property ownership

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5
Q

The results of today’s surveys are used to:

A
  1. map the Earth above and below sea level
  2. prepare navigational charts fro use in the air, on land, and at sea
  3. establish property boundaries of private and public lands
  4. develop data banks of land-use and natural resource information that aid in managing our environment
  5. determine facts on the size, shape, gravity, and magnetic fields of the earth
  6. prepare charts of our moon and planets
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6
Q

What are the two general classifications of surveys?

A
  1. geodetic
  2. plane
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7
Q

These are surveys that cover a small part of the earth’s surface, its curvature need not be taken into account.

A

Plane Surveys

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8
Q

These are surveys in which the earth’s curvature must be considered.

A

Geodetic Surveys

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9
Q

These are surveys that are made of setting land boundaries on the ground and determining areas of land parcels.

A

Cadastral Surveys or Land Survey

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10
Q

These are surveys that are made for discovering the shape of the ground and plotting it on a map along with natural and artificial features.

A

Topographic Surveys

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11
Q

These are surveys of the sites where the construction of an engineering nature is to be undertaken.

A

Engineering or Construction Surveys

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12
Q

These may also be classed under engineering surveys. They comprise surveys of linear constructions such as railroads, highways, canals, and transmission lines and include the layout of lines and grades for these projects.

A

Route Surveys

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13
Q

These consist of surveys for locating the working below the earth’s surface as in mines, tunnels, and aqueducts.

A

Underground Surveys

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14
Q

These are surveys that utilize photographs taken from an airplane.

A

Aerial Surveys

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15
Q

What do you call the field that deals with the measurements of aerial surveys?

A

Photogrammetry

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16
Q

These are surveys which are made for determining the shape of the bottom of lakes, rivers, harbors, and oceans.

A

Hydrographic Surveys

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17
Q

They are tasked with the precise identification of established land and its corners.

A

Relocation Survey

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18
Q

They are the ones that put mojon/mohons on the lands they are surveying.

A

Relocation Survey

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19
Q

They are more focused on subdivision platting.

A

Subdivision Survey (PSD)

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20
Q

They are tasked with the monumentation and survey data on a map in conformance with the local subdivision ordinance and the Subdivision Map Act

A

Subdivision Survey (PSD)

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21
Q

They split a tract of land into smaller parcels.

A

Subdivision Survey (PSD)

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22
Q

They split two or more tracts of land into smaller parcels.

A

Consolidation-Subdivision Survey (CSD)

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23
Q

They survey lands with no title, no number, or lands that are completely basal.

A

Original Survey (OS)

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24
Q

They verify the measure of untitled lands.

A

Verification Survey (VS)

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25
Q

They are tasked with giving titles or surveying land that an individual occupies.

A

Segregation Survey (SGS)

26
Q

It is a document evidencing ownership of the land granted or awarded to the beneficiary by the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR).

A

Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA)

27
Q

What is the mohon mark for a private surveyor?

A

P.S.

28
Q

What is the mojon mark for the surveyor of the Bureau of Lands?

A

B.L.

29
Q

What is the mojon mark for the surveyor of the Agrarian Reform?

A

A.R.

30
Q

It is the cylindrical concrete used for marking boundaries of lands.

A

Monson/Mohon

31
Q

It requires a combination of human skill and mechanical equipment with utmost judgment.

A

Good observation

32
Q

Observations may be made ______ or ________.

A
  1. directly
  2. indirectly
33
Q

Examples of this are applying tape to a line, fitting a protractor to an angle, or turning an angle with a total station instrument.

A

Direct observations

34
Q

A/an ________ is secured when it is not possible to apply a measuring instrument directly to the quantity to be observed.

A

Indirect observations

35
Q

It is defined as the difference between the true value and the measured value of a quantity.

A

error

36
Q

It is a deviation of an observation or a calculation from the true value and is often beyond the control of the one performing the operation.

A

error

37
Q

Give seven examples of errors.

A
  1. Tape not standard length
  2. Imperfect alignment of tape
  3. Tape not horizontal
  4. Tape not stretch straight
  5. Imperfection of observation
  6. Variations in temperature
  7. Variations in tension
38
Q

These are also known as biases.

A

Systematic Errors

39
Q

These results from factors that comprise the “measuring system” and include the environment, instrument, and observer.

A

Systematic errors

40
Q

As system conditions remain constant, the systematic errors will remain ________.

A

constant

41
Q

If conditions change, the magnitudes of systematic errors ___________.

A

also change

42
Q

Because systematic errors tend to accumulate, they are sometimes called ___________.

A

cumulative errors

43
Q

These are those that remain in measured values after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated.

A

Random errors

44
Q

They are caused by factors beyond the control of the observer and obey the laws of probability.

A

Random errors

45
Q

Another term for random errors

A

Accidental errors

46
Q

They are present in all surveying observations.

A

Random errors

47
Q

The sources of errors in surveying measurement are classified under three groups:

A
  1. instrumental errors
  2. natural errors
  3. personal errors
48
Q

These are errors due to imperfections in the instrument used, either faults in their construction or from improper adjustments between the different parts prior to their use.

A

Instrumental errors

49
Q

These are caused by variations in the phenomena of nature such as changes in magnetic declination, temperature, humidity, wind, refraction, gravity, and curvature of the earth.

A

Natural errors

50
Q

These errors are principally from limitations of the senses of sight, touch, and hearing of the human observer which are likely to be erroneous or inaccurate.

A

Personal errors

51
Q

These are inaccuracies in measurement that occur because of some aspects of a surveying operation that is performed by the surveyor with carelessness, inattention, poor judgment, and improper execution.

A

Mistakes

52
Q

These are caused by a misunderstanding of the problem, inexperience, or indifference of the surveyor.

A

Mistakes

53
Q

Give four common mistakes in surveying:

A
  1. Adding or dropping a full tape length
  2. Reading an angle counterclockwise, but indicating it as a clockwise angle in the field notes
  3. Transposition of numbers
  4. Reading wrong meter mark
54
Q

It is the difference between two observed values of the same quantity.

A

Discrepancy

55
Q

It indicated there probably no mistakes and random errors are small.

A

Small discrepancy

56
Q

True or False. Small discrepancies preclude the presence of systematic errors.

A

False - they do not

57
Q

It refers to the degree between observed values of the same quantity and is evaluated on the basis of discrepancy size.

A

Precision

58
Q

If multiple observations are made of the same quantity and small discrepancies result, this indicates __________.

A

high precision

59
Q

The ___________ attainable is dependent on equipment sensitivity and observer skills.

A

degree of precision

60
Q

It denotes the absolute nearness of observed quantities to their true values

A

Accuracy

61
Q

It is defined as the number of times something will probably occur over the range of possible occurrences.

A

Probability

62
Q

Adjustments of Weighted Observations:

A
  1. The weights are inversely proportional to the square of the corresponding probable errors.
  2. The weights are also proportional to the number of observations.
  3. Errors are directly proportional to the square roots of distances.

FUNDASERV 215 (2 decks)

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