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Anatomy and Physiology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cells

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2
Q

intracellular fluid packed
with organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

selectively permeable barrier

A

Plasma Membrane

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4
Q

organelle that controls cellular activities

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma,
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

ECF (extracellular fluid)

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6
Q

substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as lubricants (saliva)

A

Cellular secretions

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7
Q

most abundant material, jellylike substance
composed of proteins and polysaccharides

A

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

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8
Q

Substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the cells

A

EXTRACELLULAR MATERIALS

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9
Q

Phospholipid bilayer with protein molecules plugged in as a fluid
mosaic

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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10
Q

allows the membrane to communicate with its
environment, responsible for specialized membrane function

A

Membrane Proteins

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11
Q

includes glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Glycocalyx (carbohydrate rich area) provides identity molecules for specific
biologicals markers.

A

Membrane Carbohydrates

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12
Q

allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate, inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells

A

Cell Junctions

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13
Q

forms the fabric of the membrane (phospholipid +
cholesterol)

A

Membrane Lipids

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14
Q

Determines what functions the membrane can perform.

A

Proteins

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15
Q

diffuse directly through the lipid
bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that
readily dissolve in lipids)

A

Simple Diffusion

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16
Q

either through a) binding to carrier proteins or 2) through water filled channel proteins

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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17
Q

diffusion of a solvent through a membrane

A

Osmosis

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18
Q

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells

A

TONICITY

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19
Q

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

A

Isotonic

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20
Q

higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

A

Hypertonic

21
Q

more dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

A

Hypotonic

22
Q

cells retain their normal size and shape in __ solution

A

Isotonic solutions

23
Q

Cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst in __ solution

A

Hypotonic solutions

24
Q

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

25
Q

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles

A

Membrane Potential

26
Q

cell surface proteins that mediate the interaction between cells, or between cells
and the extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules

27
Q

signals from the nervous system

A

Neurotransmitters

28
Q

process in which a
ligand (chemical messenger) binds a
specific receptor and initiates a
response

A

Chemical Signaling

29
Q

Cell material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

30
Q

metabolic machinery of the cell that synthesize proteins, generate ATP

A

Organelles

31
Q

Powerplants of the cell, providing ATP supply
Lozenge-shaped organelles that contains its own DNA, RNA, ribosomes
and able to reproduce themselves

A

Mitochondria

32
Q

Sites of protein synthesis. Small-dark staining granules composed of proteins and RNA

A

Ribosomes

33
Q

Extensive system of interconnected tubes and parallel sacs

A

Endoplasmic
Reticulum

34
Q

contains integral proteins called enzymes that catalyze reactions

A

Smooth ER

35
Q

studded with ribosomes that manufacture all proteins secreted from cells; manufacture of integral proteins and phospholipids that form
part of all cellular membranes

A

Rough ER

36
Q

Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids
Stacked, flattened membranous sacs associated with tiny
membranous vesicles

A

Golgi Apparatus

37
Q

Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes
(numerous in kidneys and livers)
Oxidases and Catalases detoxify alcohol and
formaldehyde and neutralize free radicals

A

Peroxisomes

38
Q

Spherical membranous organelles containing activatedhydrolytic enzymes. Digests all kinds of biological molecules including invading
bacteria and cell debris

A

Lysosomes

39
Q

System of organelles that work
together mainly to
š Produce, degrade, store and export
biological molecules
š Degrade potentially harmful substances
š Includes the Golgi apparatus, ER,
secretory vesicles and lysosomes

A

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

40
Q

multicellular sheets
composed of at
least 2 primary tissue
types (epithelium +
connective tissue)

A

Membranes

41
Q

Main component of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

42
Q

non-conducting cells that support,
insulate and protect delicate neurons

A

SUPPORTING CELLS / GLIAL/ NEUROGLIA

43
Q

Well-vascularized tissues that are
responsible for most type of
body movement

A

MUSCLE TISSUE

44
Q

a structural support network made up
of diverse proteins, sugars and
other components and responsible
for the physical maintenance of
cells

A

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

45
Q

Product hormones that enter the blood or lymphatic fluid to specific target
organ. Structurally diverse and secretions also varies

A

ENDOCRINE

46
Q

consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product

A

GLAND

47
Q

product of a gland that can be aqueous, lipid or
steroid-rich containing proteins

A

SECRETION

48
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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