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Anatomy and Physiology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart,
lungs, kidneys

A

Gross Anatomy

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3
Q

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

A

Surface

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4
Q

studies the function of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities

A

Physiology

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5
Q

Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury. (Nails, hair, skin)

A

Integumentary System

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6
Q

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. (Joint, Bones)

A

Skeletal system

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7
Q

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression. Maintains posture and produce heat.

A

Muscular System

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8
Q

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells. (Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, Pancreas, Ovary, Testis)

A

Endocrine system

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9
Q

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste, etc. (Blood vessels, heart)

A

Cardiovascular System

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10
Q

It responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscle and glands (Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves)

A

Nervous System

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11
Q

Produce sperm and male sex hormones

A

Testes

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12
Q

Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood (Kidney, Ureter, Urethra, Urinary bladder)

A

Urinary System

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13
Q

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. (Red bone marrow, spleen, Thoracic duct, Lymph nodes, Thymus)

A

Lymphatic System

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14
Q

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. (Larynx, Trachea, Lung, Bronchus, Pharynx, Nasal cavity)

A

Respiratory System

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15
Q

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. (Small and large intestine, rectum, anus, oral cavity, esophagus, Liver)

A

Digestive System

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16
Q

Set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy.

A

Catabolism

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17
Q

set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy.

A

Anabolism

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18
Q

Ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.

A

Homeostasis

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19
Q

An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment (Cause: Aging, Diseases)

A

Homeostatic Imbalance

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20
Q

lying flat, facing downwards

A

Prone

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21
Q

lying flat on your back, facing upwards

A

Supine

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22
Q

an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections.

A

Sagittal Plane

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23
Q

Is a vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and bisects the body into two symmetrical halves: right and left.

A

Median Plane

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24
Q

is an anatomical plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections

A

Coronal Plane

25
Q

An oblique plane is a plane that can be any angle other than horizontal or vertical. In actuality, the word denotes “not parallel” or “at a right angle.”

A

Oblique Plane

26
Q

is the plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions.

A

Transverse Plane

27
Q

Largest molecules in the body

A

Nucleic Acids

28
Q

An energy transferring molecule in cells and provide energy immediately usable by all body cells

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

29
Q

Deoxyribose, from Nucleus, has thymine, Double strand coiled into a double helix.

A

DNA

30
Q

Ribose, from cytoplasm, has uracil, Single strand, straight of folded.

A

RNA

31
Q

building blocks of protein

A

Amino Acids

32
Q

globular proteins that act as biological
catalysts (substances that regulate and accelerate the rate of biochemical reactions)

A

Enzymes

33
Q

basic structure material of the body and plays
vital roles in cell function

A

PROTEINS

34
Q

insoluble in water but dissolve readily in other lipids, alcohol and ether

A

Lipids

35
Q

Double-layered membrane

A

serosa/serous membrane

36
Q

lubricating fluid that seperates the serosa

A

Serous fluid

37
Q

lining the walls

A

Parietal pericardium

38
Q

Covers the organs

A

Visceral Pericardium

39
Q

Study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter

A

Biochemistry

40
Q

compounds that contain carbon and
made by living things

A

Organic compounds

41
Q

compounds that lack carbon except carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide

A

Iorganic compounds

42
Q

also called, proton donors, substance that release hydrogen ions in detectable amounts

A

Acids

43
Q

also called proton acceptors, substances that take up hydrogen ions indetectable amounts

A

Bases

44
Q

measures the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various body fluids

A

pH

45
Q

When acids and bases mix, displacement reaction
happen to form water and salt

A

NEUTRALIZATION

46
Q

A pH below 7.35

A

acidemia

47
Q

a pH above 7.45

A

alkalemia

48
Q

large complex molecules with thousands of atoms

A

Macromolecules

49
Q

never lose or gain electrons

A

electroneutral

50
Q

chainlike molecules made of smaller, similar subunits

A

Polymers

51
Q

process of joining together monomers

A

Dehydration synthesis

52
Q

process of degrading molecules

A

Hydrolysis

53
Q

essential for human life, found in cell membranes and raw material for synthesis of vitamin D, steroid hormones and bile salts

A

Cholesterol

54
Q

lipids found in all cell membranes (e.g.
prostaglandins)

A

Eicosanoids

55
Q

modified triglycerides with glycerol, 2 fatty acids,
and phosphate group (PO4)

A

Phospholipids

56
Q

only with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

A

Saturated fats

57
Q

contains one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

A

Unsaturated fats

58
Q

solidified fats by addition of H atoms at carbon double bonds

A

Trans fats

59
Q

fats when solid; oil if liquid, yields large amounts of energy

A

Triglycerides

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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