Module 2 Flashcards
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that would have foreseen it. (AKA I-Knew-It-All-Along)
Hindsight bias
What does a theory do?
It explains behaviors and events by offering ideas that organize observations.
What is a hypothesis?
A good theory that has testable predictions.
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors and events.
Theory
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study.
Operational definition
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants, to see whether the basic findings can be reproduced.
Replication
A statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion.
Meta-analysis
A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
Case study
A description technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Naturalistic observation
A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
Survey
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Random sample
All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.
Population
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
Correlation
A statistical index of the relationship between two things.
Correlation coefficient
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable).
Experiment
What is the experimental group?
The ones in an experiment that are exposed to the treatment, version of an independent variable.
What is the control group?
The group not exposed to the treatment, serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups.
Random assignment
