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exploring psychology in modules > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychology?

A

The science of behavioral and mental processes

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2
Q

What is involved in critical thinking

A

evaluating evidence, appraising the source, assessing conclusions, and examining our own assumptions

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3
Q

What consists of the scientific attitude?

A

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

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4
Q

Curiosity questions

A

Does it work?
When put to the test, can its predictions be confirmed?

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5
Q

Skepticism questions

A

How do you know?
What do you mean?

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6
Q

Must be able to be surprised and follow new ideas

A

Humility

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7
Q

What event defined the start of scientific psychology?

A

Began in Germany in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory.

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8
Q

Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?

A

people’s self-reports varied, depending on experience, intelligence, and verbal abitlity.

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9
Q

What is the imperial approach?

A

It is an evidence-based method that draws on observation and experimentation.

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10
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

thinking that doesn’t blindly accept arguments and conclusions.

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11
Q

What is structuralism?

A

A school of thought that used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.

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12
Q

An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener~ introspection to reveal structure.

A

structuralism

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13
Q

What is functionalism?

A

a school of thought that explored how mental and behavioral processes function~ how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

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14
Q

An early school of thought promoted by Darwin~ mental and behavioral processes function.

A

functionalism

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15
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. (Most psychologists today agree with 1 but not with 2).

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16
Q

It is a historically significant perspective that emphasizes human growth potential.

A

Humanistic psychology

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17
Q

The study of mental processes, such as occurring when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems.

A

Cognitive psychology

18
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition.

A

Cognitive neuroscience

19
Q

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experiences make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

A

nature-nurture issue

Nurture~ the process of caring for and encouraging the growth or development of someone or something.

20
Q

The principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

A

Natural selection

21
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection.

22
Q

What is behavior genetics?

A

The study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

23
Q

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

A

Culture

24
Q

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

A

Positive psychology

25
Q

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

A

Levels of analysis.

26
Q

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and sociocultural levels of analysis

A

Biopsychosocial approach

27
Q

What is basic research?

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

28
Q

What is applied research?

A

A scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

29
Q

What do counseling psychologist do?

A

They assist people with problems in living and achieving greater well-being.

30
Q

What do clinical psychologist do?

A

They study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders such as mental, emotional, or behavioral.

31
Q

What do community psychologist do?

A

They study how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.

32
Q

What does a psychiatrist do?

A

They deal with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.

33
Q

Who established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

34
Q

What does APA stand for?

A

American Psychological Association

35
Q

Who used introspection to search for the mind’s structural elements?

A

Edward Bradford Titchener

36
Q

Who was the first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D and synthesized animal behavior research in ‘The Animal Mind’?

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

37
Q

Who was the leading behaviorist who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior?

A

B. F. Skinner

38
Q

Who showed that fear can be learned?

A

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner

39
Q

Who had controversial ideas that theorist and therapists have used to influence humanity’s self-understanding?

A

Sigmund Freud

40
Q

What was the view that emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior?

A

Freudian psychology (psychoanalytic psychology)

41
Q

Who argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies?

A

Charles Darwin

exploring psychology in modules (2 decks)

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