Module 2 Flashcards
Avogadro’s Constant
6.022×10²³
Recall the molarity formula
𝑐=𝑛/𝑉
c_1 V_1 = c_2 V_2
Recall equipment for diluting and concentrating substances
Equipment:
- Measuring cylinder
- Pipette
- Burette
- Volumetric flask
Define standard solution
Standard Solution is a solution of accurately known concentration
Define primary standard
Primary Standards are a type of standard that is so pure that contamination is negibile
Define parallax error
Parallax Error is an error when viewing the meniscus at an angle
Define partial pressure
Partial Pressure is the pressure of each individual element
State Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures:
P_total = P_1 + P_2 + P_3 …
Define pressure
Pressure is the force applied to an area
Conversions: 1000 Pa = ? kPa
1000 Pa (Pascal) = 1 kPa (kilopascal)
Conversions: 1 atm = ? kPa
1 atm (atmosphere) = 101.3 kPa (kilopascal)
Conversions: 1 bar = ? kPa
1 bar (Bar) = 100 kPa (kilopascal)
Conversions: ? mmHg = 1 atm
760 mmHg (milligrams of mercury) = 1 atm (atmosphere)
True or False: All the factors impacting gases can be expressed as any units in conversions
False. Temperature must be expressed as Kelvin otherwise, the statement is true
Recall Gay-Lussac’s Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law states that the pressure exerted by a gas is proportional to the temperature of the environment
P ∝ T
P = kT
P_1/T_1 = P_2/T_2
Recall Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law states that the pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies
P ∝ 1/V
PV = k
P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2
Recall Charles’ Law
Charles’ Law states that the volume a gas occupies is proportional to the temperature of the environment
V ∝ T
V = kT
V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2
Recall Avogadro’s Law
Avogadro’s Law states that the volume a gas occupies is proportional to the amount of gas
V ∝ n
V = kn
V_1/n_1 = V_2/n_2
Define molar volume
Molar Volume is the fixed amount of gas in a mole
Recall the conditions of SLC
Standard Laboratory Conditions (SLC) – temperature of 25 °C and pressure of 100 kPA
Recall the conditions of STP
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) – temperature of 0 °C and pressure of 100 kPA
Define the ideal gas law
The Ideal Gas Law describes the nature of a hypothetical ideal gas and can be considered a good approximation of the behaviour of most gases under most conditions
Ideal Gas Law:
Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
Identify the units for the ideal gas law
Pressure (P) – kPa
Volume (V) – L
n – mol
Temperature (T) – Kelvin
Define and state the combined gas law
The Combined Gas Law is a universal law that incorporates all the other laws
PV = kT
(P_1 V_1)/T_1 = (P_2 V_2)/T_2
