Module 2 Flashcards
How to distinguish life from non-living organisms
Abiotic factors
Four macromolecules(biomolecules) not normally found in inanimate matter
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Autotrophs:
Synthesize their own food (“Self-feeders”).
Heterotrophs
Require preformed organic molecules
(Eating other organisms)
Photoautotrophs
Uses sunlight energy and inorganic materials(CO2, H2O)
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chemoautotrophs
Use inorganic compounds(H gas; S, NH3, nitrite, Fe) as energy sources
6CO2 + 12H2S —> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 12S
Chemosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 12H2S —> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 12S
6CO2 + 6H2O + 6H2S + 6O2 -> C6H12O6 + 6H2SO4
Photoheterotroph
Uses light to generate ATP but still needs organic compounds
Chemoheterotroph
Must obtain organic compounds for both energy and as a carbon source
Homeostasis
Maintain an internal steady state (relativity constant): chemical & physical consistency in the face changes in surroundings
(Regulating their internal environment)
Binary Fission
One individual separates into 2 equally sized individuals
Multiple fission
One individual separates into several of equal sizes
Budding
New individual arises from an outgrowth of another
Fragmentation and regeneration
Parent breaks off into pieces, each piece turn into a newly formed individual
Parthenogenesis
Development if an individual from an unfertilized egg
What happens to with parthenogenic species as sperm runs out
Eggs turn into drones(primary mates)
What is apomixis
Asexual reproduction without fert.
(Equal to Parthenogenesis for animal)
What is sequential hermaphroditism
Some plants and animals begin life as one sex, and later in life changes to the other sex.
E.g. clown fish
What is conjugation
When two organisms fuse to exchange genetic material
7 characteristics of life
- has Cells containing DNA
- requires Energy source (food)
- has a Metabolism
- has the ability to Grow
- exhibits Homeostasis
- makes short-term response to Stim.
- Reproduces
Viruses:
1. Average size
2. Do they reproduce
3. Protective protein layer name
- 20-300nm
- No
- Capsid
(No cellular structure)
Viroids:
1. What is it?
2. How does reproduce
- Infectious plant particle
- Depends on the host plants enzymes
(No cellular structure)
Prions:
1. What is it
2. What does it cause
- They are proteins(no genetics)
- Brain disorder (puts holes in your brain, giving it a sponge-like appearance)
Viruses, viroids and prions similarities
Non living
Lacks cell structure
Considered as “replicators”
Not capable of reproduction or “independent metabolism”
What is metabolic water
water created within a living organism
