Module 2

Question 1

How to distinguish life from non-living organisms

Answer 1

Abiotic factors

Question 2

Four macromolecules(biomolecules) not normally found in inanimate matter

Answer 2

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 3

Autotrophs:

Answer 3

Synthesize their own food (“Self-feeders”).

Question 4

Heterotrophs

Answer 4

Require preformed organic molecules
(Eating other organisms)

Question 5

Photoautotrophs

Answer 5

Uses sunlight energy and inorganic materials(CO2, H2O)

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 6

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 6

Use inorganic compounds(H gas; S, NH3, nitrite, Fe) as energy sources

6CO2 + 12H2S —> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 12S

Question 7

Chemosynthesis equation

Answer 7

6CO2 + 12H2S —> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 12S

6CO2 + 6H2O + 6H2S + 6O2 -> C6H12O6 + 6H2SO4

Question 8

Photoheterotroph

Answer 8

Uses light to generate ATP but still needs organic compounds

Question 9

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 9

Must obtain organic compounds for both energy and as a carbon source

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

Maintain an internal steady state (relativity constant): chemical & physical consistency in the face changes in surroundings

(Regulating their internal environment)

Question 11

Binary Fission

Answer 11

One individual separates into 2 equally sized individuals

Question 12

Multiple fission

Answer 12

One individual separates into several of equal sizes

Question 13

Budding

Answer 13

New individual arises from an outgrowth of another

Question 14

Fragmentation and regeneration

Answer 14

Parent breaks off into pieces, each piece turn into a newly formed individual

Question 15

Parthenogenesis

Answer 15

Development if an individual from an unfertilized egg

Question 16

What happens to with parthenogenic species as sperm runs out

Answer 16

Eggs turn into drones(primary mates)

Question 17

What is apomixis

Answer 17

Asexual reproduction without fert.
(Equal to Parthenogenesis for animal)

Question 18

What is sequential hermaphroditism

Answer 18

Some plants and animals begin life as one sex, and later in life changes to the other sex.
E.g. clown fish

Question 19

What is conjugation

Answer 19

When two organisms fuse to exchange genetic material

Question 20

7 characteristics of life

Answer 20

1. has Cells containing DNA
2. requires Energy source (food)
3. has a Metabolism
4. has the ability to Grow
5. exhibits Homeostasis
6. makes short-term response to Stim.
7. Reproduces

Question 21

Viruses:
1. Average size
2. Do they reproduce
3. Protective protein layer name

Answer 21

1. 20-300nm
2. No
3. Capsid
   (No cellular structure)

Question 22

Viroids:
1. What is it?
2. How does reproduce

Answer 22

1. Infectious plant particle
2. Depends on the host plants enzymes
   (No cellular structure)

Question 23

Prions:
1. What is it
2. What does it cause

Answer 23

1. They are proteins(no genetics)
2. Brain disorder (puts holes in your brain, giving it a sponge-like appearance)

Question 24

Viruses, viroids and prions similarities

Answer 24

Non living
Lacks cell structure
Considered as “replicators”
Not capable of reproduction or “independent metabolism”

Question 25

What is metabolic water

Answer 25

water created within a living organism