Module 2 Flashcards
Traditional Approach
Focuses on correct production of one or two phonemes at a time until correct production is achieved.
Three approaches to articulation therapy
Traditional
Behavioral
Linguistic-based
What are the 9 traditional approach techniques?
phonetic placement moto-kinesthetic stimulus group Integral stimulation Servotheory Sensory-motor Discrimination nonsense approach
Phonetic Placement
emphasized positioning of articulators and correct use of breath stream.
- drill activities to stabilize production of sound
- Difficult to transfer the skills learned to conversational speech
- Useful for hofh/deaf population.
- STILL USED TODAY- help place articulators
Moto-Kinesthetic Approach
Each sound is taught as a part of a specified stimulus, word, phrase, or sentence.
- client lies down to encourage relaxation
- client simultaneously receives tactile (touch), kinesthetic (motion), auditory and visual feedback
- one on one approach
- Used today with neurogenic impairments (CP)
Group Method
-Emphasized client as a whole person with many behaviors, of which speech is only one.
-Focus on using speech to communicate
- goals include personal adjustment and social skills growth
-based on idea that learning is a process that moves from whole to parts and back to whole
IMPORTANT ASPECT: warm accepting atmosphere
-still used in schools
Integral Stimulation
- Involves use of many sources of feedback, particularly auditory and visual
- begins with production rather than auditory discrimination
- stress is put on the successful production of the first carefully chosen target sounds chosen for stimulability and frequency in speech.
Servotheory Approach
-stresses need for client to discriminate the error sound and the correct target
first stage: client learns to discriminate correct and incorrect production in a variety of linguistic context.
second stage- client produces sound in different words until correct production is consistent
next- clinician provides direct instruction until sound mastery.
Sensory-Motor Approach
- systematic program that utilized coarticulatory effects in context of both assessment and treatment.
- syllable structured
- functional unit of speech production is syllable
- HAS PROFOUND INFLUENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF ARTICULATION DISORDERS
Discrimination Approach
- key to treatment is discrimination
- When child discriminates between error and target in sentences, production begins.
- clinician uses common items or toys and child must use the correct name.
- correct artic is naturally rewarded
Nonsense Approach
Goal is to facilitate carry over of learned target sounds from deliberate use to spontaneous conversational speech
nonsense words first in sentences and real words next.
Who is the father of articulation?
Charles Vanriper
Stimulus approach
-created by charles vanriper 1939
- focuses on the single misarticulated target sound
- provides core for traditional therapy
- presented general set of guidelines for therapy
- begins with extensive ear training
4 major steps in the Stimulus/ Van Riper approach
- sensory-perceptual training (ear training)
- identification, isolation, stimulation, discrimination - Production Training
- sound establishment/acquisition - Production Training
- isolation, nonsense syllables, words, phrases, sentences, conversation - transfer and carry over
- maintenance
Hierarchy progression of articulation therapy- as defined in the stimulus aprroach
Isolation Nonsense syllables Words Phrases Sentences Conversation
Behavioral Approach
- baseline: select present behavior
- target behavior: specify type of behavior client should exhibit after treatment
3.Cues and prompts/antecedent events- stiuli designed to evoke responses– visual, auditory, kinesthetic
4- consequent events- stimuli presented following a response.. positive reinforcement increases rate of behavior. token economy, self reinforcement
Schedule for Reinforcement- 2 types
fixed ratio- for new task variable ratio- later in therapy 3 correct=r 4 correct=r 5 correct=r take the total number correct and divide by reinforcers= vr schedule.
what are the 2 major principles of the linguistic based approaches?
- the childs rule system differs from the adult. The child needs to learn the adult rule system. So.. teaching individual sounds doe not enhance this rule discovery.
- The function of the phonological system is to support communication and end goal needs to be improved communication.
What are the 2 major linguistic based approaches?
Distinctive feature
Phonological process
Distinctive feature approach
Based on a feature analysis that shows with features are present and absent in the child’s phonological system.
- focuses on sound classes not phonemes
Disadvantages-VERY TIME CONSUMING- questionable articulatory validity of many feature systems
Phonological Process Approach
Based on Several Assumptions- used quite often
1- treatment of phonological processes will result in more efficient therapy than that produced by one-phoneme approaches
2- assumes that the child’s problem is one of rule learning, treatment will entail discovery of rules
3- child’s problem is proposed to be phonemic, not phonetic and begins at word level
Phonological process Approach
Three guiding principles for selection of processes for remediation:
- select processes that interfere most with intelligibility
- select less stable processes. they are more amenable to change
- select processes that are most common in young children.
Why do I need to know so many approaches?
Eclectic approach- select the best features from all of the approaches
