Module 2 Flashcards
In 1896, the term ‘_____’ was coined by the American botanist _____ describing the study of plant
use by humans.
‘ethnobotany’…William
Harshberger
The term is generally based on a detailed observation and analysis of the use of plants used in a society and of all beliefs and cultural practices associated with such use.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology
investigate the relationship between humans and plants in all its complexity.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology
The study of materials used by ethnic and cultural groups as medicines.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology
A branch of ethnobotany, the study of used of plants as medicines.
A multidisciplinary subject involving anthropologists, botanists and pharmacologists.
Ethnopharmacology
_____ as a specifically
designated field of research has had a
relatively short history.
• The term ‘_______’ was first
used in 1967 as the title of a book on
hallucinogens: Ethnopharmacological
Search for Psychoactive Drugs
Ethnopharmacology
Medicinal plants are an important element of
indigenous medical systems in many parts of
the world, and these resources are usually
regarded as part of the traditional knowledge
of a culture.
N/A
Thus, any study that focuses on the documentation and systematic study of local and traditional uses of a plant or a group of
plants can be considered to have
ethnopharmacological relevance
N/A
Explorers, missionaries, merchants, but also
knowledgeable experts in the respective healing,
tradition, describe the uses of such medicinal plants;
all this is the basis for ethnopharmacology-based
drug development.
N/A
Ethnopharmacology process for Drug discovery:
• Sources of information
• Scientifics investigation
• Extraction
• Tests for activity
• Chemical examination
Medicinal plant knowledge in _____ is rooted in along history of health traditions dating back to ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic medical systems and over the centuries has been passed down via both written and oral pathways
Europe
• Over time, Sumerian, Chinese, Indian or
American medicines have entered into the
European pharmacopoeia.
• While some of these traditions have survived
throughout the centuries, many others have
changed or disappeared, and new uses of
plants have emerged either from local
experience or imported from other traditions.
N/A
European medicinal plants studies
• Medical knowledge appears in the earliest
written records and fortunately some of these
texts have been preserved until today.
• Greek and Roman authors reported an
incredible amount of data about medicinal
plants used at their times.
N/A
The physician ____ (AD 40–90) wrote De Materia Medica, which heavily influenced early medicine in Europe and inspired the production of herbal texts, especially during the Middle Ages (AD 500–1400) until the renaissance and can be considered the most important European herbal.
Pedanius Dioscorides
• Monasteries became essential during the
Middle Ages since monks and nuns wrote
herbals and their physic gardens were used to
grow medicinal species (Furniss, 1968)
• Many European scholars have contributed to
the field of medicinal plant research. However, ethno botanical studies in a modern sense, substantiated by clear methods, aims and appropriate documentation, were not introduced in Europe until the mid-19th century, a time of increasing scientific exploration in the world.
N/A
German doctor _____ (1756–1842), who, after working for several decades as a practicing physician among local peasants, wrote one of the very first systematic medico-ethnobotanical surveys within a specific area in Europe, the Estonian island of Saaremaa
Johann Wilhelm Ludwig
von Luce
• The First proper ethno botanical study in Italy was probably that of _____(1845–1907).
• His work describes the traditional plant uses of his hometown, Carpenetod’Acqui (Piedmont), and includes an early attempt to conceptualize the relevance of ethnobotanical studies.
• However, it lacks a clear indication of the
methods used.
Giuseppe Ferraro
A few years later the ethnologist _____
(1843–1916)
• described many popular remedies still inuse in
various areas of Sicily in his Medicina Popol are
Siciliana (Sicilian Popular Medicine)(1896).
• His medico-anthropological approach can be
considered a further step towards the
development of ethno medical studies despite it
being more an overview of information than a
proper survey, with methods not being clearly
spelled out.
Giuseppe Pitrè
Asian traditional practice of principles which encompass the different practice of medicine
including herbal use.
N/A
