Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Organisation in the human Body

A

Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 Different Types of Tissues

A

Epithelial Tissues, Nervous Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Connective Tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ECM? (Extracellular Matric Fluid)

A
  • located outside the cells and produced by the cells of a specific tissue
  • is a matrix of proteins, salts, water and dissolved macromolecules
  • monitored and maintained by cells
  • changes in response to physical stresses
  • muscle has little ECM; Connective Tissue has more
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

A
  • covers body surfaces, lines cavities and forms glands, i.e. skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of Nervous Tissue

A

Receives, transmits and integrates information to control body activities (Neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of Muscle Tissue

A

Responsible for movement & support of body parts, or movement of materials within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of Connective TIssue

A

Supports the other tissues, protects the other tissues and binds together tissues, storage of fats and minerals, supports organs structurally and functionally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do neurons do?

A
  • transmit information through action potentials

Glial Cells support neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types and Functions of Muscle Tissue (3)

A
  1. Cardiac Muscle - heartbeat & moves blood.
  2. Smooth Muscle - peristalysis & moves food
  3. Skeletal Muscle - important for movement and interaction with environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types & Functions of Connective Tissue (4)

A
  1. Loose Connective Tissue (between/around organs and beneath skin, like edomysum layer)
  2. Fibrous Connective Tissue - dense bundles of collagen fibres from bone to muscle, provides some sock absorption, limits range of motion
  3. Cartiliage - smooth elastic connective tissue protects ends of long bones, in between ribs,
  4. Bone - mineralised connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Difference between Osteoblasts, Osteocytes and Osteoclasts in bone

A

Osteoblasts responsible for bone growth, osteocytes mature bone and maintain/monitor bone matrix, osteoclasts are bone resorbing and destroy it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of Organ System

A

Organ System involves multiple organs that work together to coordinate activities for the organism - Nervous System, Skeletal System, Muscular System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Anatomical Position

A
  1. Standing Upright
  2. Feet Parallel on the floor
  3. Palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away
  4. Head level and looking forward
  5. Arms positioned at side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe Axial

A

Axial includes, head, neck and trunk - along the vertical axis of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Appendicular

A

Appendicular include upper and lower limbs - all those not attached to axial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 4 Body Cavities

A
  • Cranial Cavity
  • Thoracic Cavity (heart/lungs)
  • Abdominal Cavity (digestive system)
  • Pelvic Cavity (bladder and reproductive organs, etc.)
17
Q

Directional Terminology: Describe locations of anterior, posterior, superior, interior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal,

A

Anterior - back to chest, Posterior - chest to back
Superior - hips to head
Inferior - hips to feet
Medial - inwards from each shoulder towards spine
Lateral - outwards away from spine in transverse plane
Proximal - from feet up, or hands up
Distal - from shoulders down, or knees down.

18
Q

Describe differences from Unilateral, Bilateral, Ipsilateral, vs. Contralateral

A

Unilateral - one side, one pain,
Bilateral - both sides, in one section
Ipsilateral - on both sides on longitudal axis, both left arm and leg.
Contralateral - opposing limbs, left leg and right arm

19
Q

Sagital Plane

A

Vertically down center through nose, between legs

20
Q

Coronal/Frontal Plane

A

Vertical plane of face, separating spine from chest through all limbs

21
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Horizontal Plane in line of hips, dividing superior from inferior

22
Q

Coronal Axis

A

On Sagital Plane, directional movement occurs around coronal axis like flexion and extension of the limbs, soldier walk.

23
Q

Sagital Axis

A

On Coronal Plane, directional movement occurs around sagital axis like abduction and adduction; tilting of head, star jumps with palms forward

24
Q

Longitudinal Axis

A

On Transverse Plane, directional movement occurs around longitudinal axis like rotation of the head, pronation and supination of forearm - basically rotating it.