Module 1a: Introduction To The Human Body Flashcards
What is the hierarchy of organisation of the body?
The structural systems including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, renal, digestive, and reproductive systems.
The hierarchy describes how different levels of biological organization work together in the human body.
Name the 11 organ systems of the body.
- Integumentary system
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
- Circulatory system
- Lymphatic system
- Respiratory system
- Renal system
- Digestive system
- Reproductive system
Each system has specific functions and organs associated with it.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Separate body from external environment and provide protection.
The integumentary system includes the skin.
What is the function of the skeletal system?
- Structural support
- Protection
- Production of blood cells
The skeletal system is made up of bones.
What is the function of the muscular system?
Voluntary movement of the body.
The muscular system includes skeletal muscles.
What are the functions of the nervous system?
- Conduct electrical signals
- Detect stimuli
- Process stimuli
- Stimulate responses
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and nerves.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Transmit chemical signals (hormones) into blood and regulate body function.
This system includes glands like the pancreas, thyroid, hypothalamus, and pituitary.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Transport blood around the body.
The circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
- Drain fluid from tissues
- Transport lymph around the body
- Provide immunity
The lymphatic system includes lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange between body and environment.
The respiratory system includes the lungs and airways.
What is the function of the renal system?
- Filter blood
- Regulate electrolytes
- Remove nitrogenous waste
- Produce urine
The renal system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
What is the function of the digestive system?
- Digest and absorb nutrients
- Regulation of nutrients in body
- Excrete wastes
The digestive system includes the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, liver, and pancreas.
What organs are involved in reproduction for males?
Penis, testes, accessory glands, ducts.
These organs are involved in the reproductive system for males.
What organs are involved in reproduction for females?
Mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina.
These organs are involved in the reproductive system for females.
What is the outermost layer of a cell called?
Plasma membrane.
It surrounds the cell and contains membrane proteins important for cell function.
Where is DNA contained in a cell?
In the nucleus.
The nucleus controls the function of the cell.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Make proteins.
Ribosomes are essential for defining cell function.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Regenerate ATP and consume oxygen.
Mitochondria are known as the ‘power pack’ of the cell.
What are the four tissue types?
- Epithelium
- Connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Muscle tissue
Each tissue type has specific locations and characteristics.
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
- Covers surfaces
- Lines organs
- Regenerates quickly
- Avascular
- Has a basement membrane
- Many cells, little matrix
Epithelial tissue functions in protection, absorption, secretion, and filtration.
What are the types of connective tissue?
- Loose (Areolar, Adipose, Reticular)
- Dense (Dense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic)
- Specialized (Blood, Bone)
Connective tissue holds the body together and serves various functions.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal (voluntary)
- Cardiac (involuntary)
- Smooth (involuntary)
Muscle tissues are primarily used for movement.
What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
Conduct electrical signals.
Nervous tissue consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia.
Connective tissue is vascular/avascular and has much/little matrix.
Avascular; much matrix.
Connective tissue binds tissues together and has a variety of functions.
