Module 17

Question 1

fossil records

Answer 1

provides evidence about the history of life on Earth, also shows the adaption of animals over time

Question 2

anatomical record

Answer 2

show physical structures in the body that are prominent from ancestors

Question 3

peppered moths

Answer 3

dark and light colored moths survived on trees that had sutt on them

Question 4

J.W Tutt

Answer 4

Scientists in 1896 that hypothesized that dark moths had more of an advantage than the light moths because they were less visible to the predators.

Question 5

Kettlewell’s experiment

Answer 5

Conducted an experiment in relation to Tutt’s hypothesis. He put dark colored moths and light colored moths in woods without sutted trees and then he put some in woods that had sutt on the trees. In the sutted woods, he collected twice as much dark colored moths than he did light colored moths. From the woods without sutt, he collected twice as many light colored moths, than he did the dark ones.

Question 6

Industrial Melanism

Answer 6

darkening of populations of organisms over time in response to industrial pollution

Question 7

Clean Air Act of 1956

Answer 7

Controlled the emission of smoke,grit,dust and fumes from industrial premises. This act was in place to help with the air pollution and air quality.

Question 8

artificial Selection

Answer 8

selection that is done by humans

Question 9

domestication

Answer 9

the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans

Question 10

Amber

Answer 10

fossilized tree sap. Fossils can also be preserved in it.

Question 11

permafrost

Answer 11

permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground

Question 12

dry caves

Answer 12

caves that do not have water because they are above the water table

Question 13

sedimentary rocks

Answer 13

Formed when particles of broken rock and organic materials are pressed and cemented together to form new rocks.

Question 14

radioactive decay

Answer 14

is used to determined the age of rocks(and fossils in them)

Question 15

Transitions

Answer 15

when intermediate forms of animals and plants are used to illustrate how major transition in life occurred. like the modern day whale.

Question 16

homologous structures

Answer 16

basic structure, different purpose/ function

Question 17

embryonic structures

Answer 17

different species of animals look fairly similar in the beginning stages of development

Question 18

pharyngeal pouches

Answer 18

found in vertebraes in the early stages of development ( embryonic stage)

Question 19

gill slit

Answer 19

the pharyngeal pouches develop into gill slits in fish

Question 20

tonsils

Answer 20

the pharyngeal pouches develop into tonsils in humans

Question 21

imperfect structural signs

Answer 21

organisms that are not perfectly adapted to their environment because their adaptations are limited by the genetic variation of their ancestors like the giraffe

Question 22

neck vertebrae

Answer 22

the ancestors of giraffes had smaller neck vertebrae and the current giraffe does not have more neck vertebrae, just bigger

Question 23

vestigial structures

Answer 23

structures in organisms that have no purpose by are there because of ancestor

Question 24

pelvic bones

Answer 24

the pelvic bones in whales serve no purpose, it’s there because of it’s ancestors that used to walk on land

Question 25

fingernails

Answer 25

manatees have fingernails which is a vestige structure from its ancestors,but serves no purpose for itself

Question 26

appendix

Answer 26

the appendix is a vestige structure in humans, because it has no purpose

Question 27

appendicitis

Answer 27

the appendix becomes inflamed and can cause severe damage