Module 16 - Skin Flashcards
The skin and its accessory organs—the hair, nails, and sweat and sebaceous glands are known as
the integumentary system
-logy
study of
(dermat/o) or (derm/o) or (cutane/o)
skin
The specialty or study of the disorders and treatments of the skin
dermatology
sub-
beneath
(kerat/o)
hard
The skin consists of a thin outer, avascular (without blood vessels) layer called
epidermis
a deeper, dense layer of
connective tissue in the skin
the dermis
beneath the dermis is ____________________________, which is a spongy, porous layer with a rich blood supply and a wealth of fat-producing cells
subcutaneous
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is formed from thin, flat, scalelike cells called
squamous epithelial cells
stratum corneum
the deepest level of the epidermis “the basal layer”
stratum germinativum
a hard, water-repellent protein
keratin
keratinized cells
keratinocytes
the barrier area of the skin because of the protective function it performs
stratum corneum
special cells distributed throughout the basal layer of the epidermis that contain the pigment melanin
melanocytes
the dermis is also known as
the corium
a layer of the dermis in which the ridges of form our fingerprints and footprints
the papillary layer
(reticul/o)
dense network
a protein that gives the skin its strength
collagen
(hidr/o)
sweat
(adip/o)
fat
fat cells
adipocytes
(pil/o) or (trich/o)
hair
an outgrowth from the skin of flexible, keratinized fibers
hair
Each fiber of hair consists of a root and a shaft embedded within a saclike structure known as ___________________
hair follicle
the visible portion of the hair— the tightly woven network of keratinocytes
hair shaft
cells found at the root of the hair follicle that produce the melanin that is responsible for hair color
melanocytes
the visible part of the nail
nail body
a fold of skin in nails
cuticle
at the base of each nail lies the nail root, which is also called
the nail matrix
the site of nail growth in many people
lunula
the soft tissue that surrounds the nail border
paronychia
glands that secrete an oily substance called sebum
Sebaceous glands
(seb/o)
sebum
the term used for the combination of the hair follicle and the attached sebaceous gland.
the pilosebaceous unit
tiny, coiled structures located in the dermis, the ducts of which open directly onto the surface of the skin as pores.
eccrine glands
larger excretory organs deeply embedded in the dermal layer of skin under the arms (axilla) and near the genitals ( they’re also called sweat glands )
apocrine glands
another name for sweating
perspiration
any visible change in tissue caused by injury or disease
lesion
lesion that arise from normal skin as the result of a pathologic process (disease or infection)
primary lesions
changes that occur within primary lesions like ulcers, crusts, erosions, scars, keloids, and fissures
secondary lesions
a wearing away or loss of epidermal tissue
erosion
a collection of dried serum and cellular debris
crust
a grooved sore
fissure
an open sore on the skin or mucous membranes that is deeper than an erosion
ulcer
a break in the skin lining of the anal canal
anal fissure
medical term for itching
pruritus
a closed, thick-walled sac that contains fluid or semisolid material
a cyst
a hair-containing cyst found in the sacral region of the back
pilonidal cyst
a sebumfilled cyst most often found on the scalp, vulva, and scrotum
sebaceous cyst
small, circumscribed elevations on the skin that contain serous fluid
vesicles
any vesicle larger than 1 centimeter
bulla
skin inflammation
dermatitis
papules that are filled with pus
pustules
(py/o)
pus
a flat, circumscribed lesion less than a centimeter in diameter and may vary in color
macule
a large macule, greater than 1 centimeter in diameter
patch
a smooth, edematous (swollen), irregularly shaped, solid elevation of the skin
wheal
a small, solid raised skin lesion that is less than 1 centimeter in diameter
papule
a benign growth described as a pedunculated
skin tag
an elevated flat lesions
a growth extending from the surface of a mucous membrane
polyp
solid, round, or oval-elevated lesions that are at least 1 centimeter in diameter
nodules
a common skin disorder observed in 80% of adolescents
acne
Inflamed sebum plugs are known as
comedones
an open comedone that develops when the pore is only partially obstructed
a blackhead
a closed comedone that forms when the pore is completely blocked
a whitehead
medical term for hives
urticaria
most common inflammatory disorder of the skin
eczema
the condition of redness of the skin caused by dilation and congestion of the capillaries
erythema
(erythem/o) or (erythemat/o)
redness
(myc/o)
fungus
medical term for a fungal infection
mycosis
a fungal infection of the skin that may affect the stratum corneum, the hair, or the nails
tinea
a type of tinea that exhibits pink-to-red ringlike plaques (elevated flat lesions of 1 centimeter or larger in diameter) with raised borders.
tinea corporis
(ped/o)
foot
a type of tinea that affects the skin between the toes, also known as athlete’s foot
tinea pedis
a type of tinea in which there’s an infection of the scalp
tinea captitis
a disease of bearded portions of the neck and face
tinea barbae
a type of tinea that affects the nails
tinea unguium
(ungu/o)
nails
a test in which they use scrapings from the skin lesions help diagnose the type of fungal growth
fungal test
a contagious dermatitis caused by penetration into the stratum corneum of the scabies itch mite.
scabies
a fungal infection of the nails that may develop from the use of artificial fingernails
Onychomycosis
loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed
onycholysis
a rash is also called
exanthem
-lysis
loosening
another name for measles
rubeola
another name for chickenpox
varicella
another common viral illness in children, which is caused by an enterovirus.
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)
a contagious skin disorder caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal infection
impetigo
small, flat discolorations
macules
an inflammatory, purulent bacterial dermatitis
pyoderma
a diffuse, acute skin infection marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling and is caused by a bacterium
cellulitis
a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disorder in which thick, scaly lesions form because of an excessive growth rate of epithelial cells
psoriasis
a chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of the connective tissue
scleroderma
an autoimmune disease that may be genetic or acquired and is usually chronic, it is characterized by milk-white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation
vitiligo
an inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes caused by an abnormal production of melanin
albinism
(albin/o)
white
the absence or loss of hair from areas where it normally grows, especially from the scalp
alopecia
an autoimmune disease in which the hair falls out in patches without any scarring or inflammation
alopecia areata
a chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue that affects the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and mucous membranes
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
crackline lesions are known as
fissures
a collection of pus in a confined space.
abscess
red or purple discoloration seen on the surface of the skin caused by bleeding under the skin
purpura
When the purpura spots are as small as pinpoints, they are called _____________
petechia
large purpura are called (same as bruises)
ecchymoses
Bacterial invasion and the subsequent decomposition of necrotic tissue
gangrene
a circumscribed, craterlike lesion that results from tissue death
ulcer
tissue death
necrosis
an example of ulcer, which is an open sore over a bony prominence caused by an external pressure source, such as the mattress of a bed.
decubitus ulcer
any abnormal growth or formation
neoplasm
neo-
new
-plasm
formation
a benign neoplasm that is a thickened, rough lesion of the epidermis and is an abnormal condition in which a lesion develops as a result of excessive growth and hardening of the epidermis
keratosis
-osis
abnormal condition
a benign lesion that is dark in color and results from an overgrowth of the upper epidermis
Seborrheic keratosis
a keratosis caused by an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
Actinic keratosis
a smooth, thick mass that develops from the epidermis of the feet and toes and demonstrates a hard, whitish core
corn (clavus)
a growth that is not tender, and tends to grow on the weight-bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands
callus
a benign tumor of the epidermal layer of the
skin
verruca or wart
(hem/o)
blood
(angi/o)
vessel
a benign tumor made up of a bundle of blood vessels
hemangioma
a lesion that results from excessive collagen formation in the skin during tissue repair
keloid
The scar tissue that develops during the process of normal healing is known as a
cicatrix
a lesion that may become cancerous, with associate growths like thick white patches or plaques on the tongue or cheeck
leukoplakia
(leuk/o)
white
-plakia
plaque
a circumscribed, hyperpigmented area of the skin (mole)
nevus
nevi that have atypical cells and are potentially cancerous
dysplastic nevus
dys-
bad or abnormal
-plastic
pertaining to formation
cancerous growths composed of melanocytes,
melanoma
(melan/o)
black
the black pigment produced by melanocytes
melanin
a cancerous tumor that arises from the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis
squamous cell carcinoma
(carcin/o)
cancerous
(squam/o)
scale
-ous
pertaining to
a suspected allergen is injected into the skin to assess sensitivity
intradermal injection
a small piece of living tissue from a lesion is removed for microscopic examination to look for cancer cells
skin biopsy
a biopsy that involves suctioning tissue from a fluid-filled lesion through a fine needle into a syringe
aspiration biopsy
a biopsy that involves removing living skin cells by rotating a hollow needle within the underlying cellular layers.
needle biopsy
a biopsy that is performed to remove the core of the abnormal tissue when excision of the entire lesion is not possible
punch biopsy
a biopsy that involves incising the lesion with a cut that is parallel to the skin
shave biopsy
a surgical procedure for removing scars
dermabrasion
a procedure that involves the application of chemicals that remove surface layers of skin cells
chemabrasion
the application of subfreezing liquid nitrogen to destroy the lesion
cryosurgery
using a scoop-shaped tool called a curette to remove lesions
curettage
destroying tissue within a small, well defined border by burning with an electric spark
electrodesiccation
removal of damaged tissue
debridement
