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LOM > Module 15 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Module 15 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

(my/o)

A

muscles

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2
Q

(muscul/o)

A

muscles

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3
Q

(oste/o)

A

bones

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4
Q

The formation of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

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5
Q

The branch of medicine concerned with preserving and restoring the function of the skeletal system

A

orthopedics

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6
Q

(orth/o)

A

straight

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7
Q

(ped/o)

A

child

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8
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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9
Q

Physicians who specialize in the nonsurgical treatment of joint problems

A

rheumatologist

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10
Q

(rheumat/o)

A

watery flow = joint fluid

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11
Q

Medical physicians whose focus is on rehabilitation of muscles, bones, and nerves after an injury or illness

A

physiatrists

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12
Q

A specialist who focuses on diseases and injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system

A

orthopedist

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13
Q

(chir/o)

A

hands

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14
Q

a term that means pertaining to the bone

A

osseous

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15
Q

bone cells

A

osteocytes

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16
Q

(chondr/o)

A

cartilage

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17
Q

small, immature bone cells that form the bony tissue replacing cartilage

A

osteoblasts

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18
Q

The process of bone formation

A

ossification

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19
Q

(cyt/o) , -cyte

A

cells

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20
Q

-clast

A

to break

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21
Q

large cells that function to reabsorb, or digest bony tissue (bone phagocytes)

A

osteoclasts

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22
Q

(phag/o)

A

digest

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23
Q

kneecap

A

patella

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24
Q

each end of the long bone is called

A

epiphysis

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25
Q

the middle shaft of the long bone is

A

diaphysis

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26
Q

A fixed portion of the bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

metaphysis

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27
Q

An area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows

A

epiphyseal line / epiphyseal plate / growth plate

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28
Q

fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle and a bone

A

tendon

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29
Q

fibrous tissue that connects a bone to another bone

A

ligament

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30
Q

A large protuberance on a bone where muscles or tendons attach

A

tubercle / tuberosity

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31
Q

epi-

A

above

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32
Q

A rounded, knucklelike joint

A

condyle

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32
Q

A small rounded process above a condyle

A

epicondyle

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33
Q

for-

A

hole

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34
Q

A hollow cavity within a bone

A

a sinus

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34
Q

A narrow and deep slitlike opening

A

a fissure

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35
Q

(crani/o)

A

cranium

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36
Q

(pariet/o)

A

parietal

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37
Q

(mandibul/o)

A

mandible = lower jaw

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38
Q

(maxilla/o)

A

maxilla = upper jaw

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39
Q

(spin/o) , (rachi/o) , (spondyl/o)

A

spinal column

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40
Q

(vertebr/o)

A

vertebra

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41
Q

(cervic/o)

A

cervical

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42
Q

(sacr/o)

A

sacrum

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43
Q

(coccyg/o)

A

coccyx

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44
Q

(cost/o)

A

costals = ribs

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45
Q

(stern/o)

A

sternum

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46
Q

(clavicul/o)

A

clavicle

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47
Q

(scapul/o)

A

scapula

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48
Q

(humer/o)

A

humerus

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49
Q

(metacarp/o)

A

metacarpals

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50
Q

(phalang/o)

A

phalanges

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51
Q

(carp/o)

A

carpals

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52
Q

(pelv/i)

A

pelvic bone

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53
Q

(ili/o)

A

ilium

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54
Q

(ischi/o)

A

ischium

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55
Q

(pub/o)

A

pubis

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56
Q

(femor/o)

A

femur

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57
Q

thigh bone

A

femur

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58
Q

shin bone

A

tibia

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59
Q

(metatars/o)

A

metatarsals = bones of the foot

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60
Q

(plant/o)

A

sole of the foot

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61
Q

(fibr/o)

A

fibrous connective tissue

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62
Q

-algia

A

pain

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63
Q

A condition characterized by diffuse pain and areas that are increasingly sensetive to touch

A

fibromyalgia

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64
Q

(my/o)

A

muscle

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65
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

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66
Q

poly-

A

multiple

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67
Q

A condition characterized by aching and morning stiffness in multiple sites of proximal joint (shoulder, hip or neck)

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

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68
Q

dys-

A

abnormal

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69
Q

-trophy

A

development / growth

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70
Q

(muscul/o)

A

muscle fibers

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71
Q

A group of inherited disoreders characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers

A

muscular dystrophy (MD)

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72
Q

a-

A

without

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73
Q

without development

A

atrophy

74
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

75
Q

lack of muscle tone of the shoulder girdle musculature

A

hypotonia

76
Q

hypo-

A

decreased

77
Q

(ton/o)

A

tension

78
Q

-ia

A

condition

79
Q

practitioner who uses spinal manipulation to treat musculoskeletal and nervous system conditions

A

chiropractor

80
Q

practitioner who uses exercise to improve mobility and function

A

physical therapist

81
Q

physician who diagnoses and treats bone, joint and muscle conditions

A

orthopedist

82
Q

physician who focuses on the rehabilitation of muscles, nerves and bones after trauma

A

physiatrist

83
Q

consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs and sternum

A

axial skeleton

84
Q

consists of the upper and lower extremities plus the shoulder and pelvic girdle

A

appendicular skeleton

85
Q

The immovable joints between the bones of the skull

A

sutures

86
Q

A bone that forms part of the floor and walls of the eye sockets

A

sphenoid

87
Q

A hole that allows passage of the spinal cord into the skull

A

the foramen magnum

88
Q

bones that make up part of the orbit of the eye

A

lacrimal bones

89
Q

bones that support the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

90
Q

the cartilage that separates the nasal cavities

A

nasal septum

91
Q

the cheekbones are also called

A

zygomatic bones

92
Q

the mandible and temporal bone together form the ____________________________

A

temporamandibular joint

93
Q

(lumb/o)

A

lumbar

94
Q

the highest point of the scapula (shoulder blade)

A

acromion

95
Q

An articulation of the acromion and clavicle

A

acromioclavicular joint

96
Q

A bony process on the medial lower arm bone

A

olecranon

97
Q

The ______________________ forms the hip socket for the head of the femur

A

acetabulum

98
Q

(calcane/o)

A

calcaneus = heel bone

99
Q

Striated muscles are enveloped and separated by a fibrous tissue called

A

fascia

100
Q

(fasci/o)

A

fascia

101
Q

cardiac muscles are found in

A

heart

102
Q
A
103
Q

The bending motion at a joint

A

flexion

104
Q

_______________ takes place as the limb straightens.

A

extension

105
Q

movement away from the midline of the body.

A

abduction

106
Q

Moving the limb back toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

107
Q

(Plant/o)

A

sole of the foot

108
Q

the action of stepping on the gas while driving

A

plantar flexion

109
Q

A palm that is down is also said to be prone or in

A

pronation

110
Q

a chronic inflammatory myopathy

A

polymyositis

111
Q

a loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging

A

Sarcopenia

112
Q

(Sarc/o)

A

flesh

113
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

114
Q

(spondyl/o)

A

vertebrae, spinal column

115
Q

an inflammatory disease that can cause some of the vertebrae to fuse together, making the spine less flexible (stiff) and can result in a hunched-forward posture

A

ankylosing spondylitis

116
Q

(spondyl/o, rachi/o)

A

vertebral column

117
Q

Inflammatory disorder of the vertebral column

A

spondylitis / rachitis

118
Q

stiffness of a joint attributable to the abnormal adhesion or fusion of the bones of a joint.

A

ankylosis

119
Q

used to describe degenerative osteoarthritis of the spine

A

spondylosis

120
Q

Bone spurs

A

osteophytes

121
Q

Fever is also known as

A

pyrexia

122
Q

caused by a defect in the metabolism of uric acid, which causes this acid to accumulate in the blood, joints, and soft tissues near the joints

A

gouty arthritis

123
Q

also called degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease—is caused by wear and tear on the joints and produces a narrowing of the joint space attributable to a loss of cartilage.

A

Osteoarthritis (OA)

124
Q

a painful, abnormal narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal

A

spinal stenosis

125
Q

Inflammation of multiple joints

A

polyarthritis

126
Q

a condition in which synovial fluid collects abnormally in the joint

A

hydrarthrosis

127
Q

Hardening

A

sclerosis

128
Q

a fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or tendon in the wrist.

A

ganglion

129
Q

General feeling of discomfort

A

malaise

130
Q

The pain that runs down the lower back into the legs

A

Sciatica

131
Q

A process during which an X-ray image of the cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc is obtained after an injection of contrast medium into the interior of the disc.

A

discography

132
Q

A condition that occurs when a tear in a disc causes a portion of the disc to bulge out into the spinal canal and irritate the spinal nerves.

A

herniated disc

133
Q

a condition resulting from the partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it

A

spondylolisthesis

134
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

135
Q

Inflammation of an intervertebral disc

A

diskitis

136
Q

Inflammation of a bursa

A

bursitis

137
Q

A broken bone

A

fracture (fx)

138
Q

A break that does not rupture the skin

A

simple fracture

139
Q

A fracture that splits open the skin, which allows more opportunity for infection to take hold

A

compound fracture

140
Q

A genetic disorder characterized by bones that easily break, often from little or no apparent cause

A

osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

141
Q

a chronic bone disorder that results in enlarged, deformed bones attributable to excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue.

A

Osteitis deformans

142
Q

A disease that is commonly known as clubfoot

A

talipes

143
Q

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

144
Q

Inflammation of the synovial membrane and tendon

A

Tenosynovitis

145
Q

abnormal reduction of bone mass that is caused by inadequate replacement of bone lost through normal processes

A

osteopenia

146
Q

An abnormal condition of stonelike bones that is caused by an abnormal increase in bone

A

osteopetrosis

147
Q

Softening of bones

A

osteomalacia

148
Q

Abnormal death of bone tissue

A

osteonecrosis

149
Q

(Petr/o)

A

stones

150
Q

-malacia

A

softening

151
Q

(necr/o)

A

death

152
Q

-Oma

A

benign tumors

153
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumors

154
Q

Malignant tumors of the bone

A

osteocarcinoma / osteosarcoma

155
Q

(fibr/o)

A

fibrous tissue

156
Q

a tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue

A

osteofibroma

157
Q

a benign growth projecting outward from the cartilaginous surface of a bone

A

osteochondroma or exostosis

158
Q

a neoplasm composed of cells normally found in bone marrow

A

Myeloma

159
Q

A malignant tumor arising from bone.

A

osteogenic sarcoma

160
Q

a malignant neoplasm arising in the synovial membrane of the joints and in the synovial cells of bursae and tendons.

A

synoviosarcoma

161
Q

A tumor of the cartilage

A

chondroma

162
Q

A deficiency or lack of the growth of cartilage at the epiphyses of the long bones and skull, which results in dwarfism

A

achondroplasia

163
Q

-plasia

A

growth

164
Q

an abnormal softening of the cartilage

A

chondromalacia

165
Q

An inflammation of both the bone and cartilage.

A

osteochondritis

166
Q

(Chondr/o)

A

Cartilage

167
Q

the process of recording muscle contraction strength after electrical stimulation

A

Electromyography (EMG)

168
Q

-graphy

A

recording

169
Q

(electr/o)

A

electrical

170
Q

-scopy

A

viewing

171
Q

The viewing of a joint with an instrument called an endoscope

A

Arthroscopy

172
Q

A procedure that involves taking low-energy x-ray beams of bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist.

A

DEXA scan

173
Q

a measurement of the level of calcium in serum.

A

serum calcium (Ca)

174
Q

The surgical removal of tissue for microscopic examination

A

biopsy

175
Q

A process in which a joint space is punctured with a surgical needle and synovial fluid is removed for analysis.

A

arthrocentesis

176
Q

a joint such as the knee, ankle, or shoulder is visualized using an endoscope inserted through a small incision

A

arthroscopy

177
Q

A procedure during which a joint is fused to provide stability

A

arthrodesis

178
Q

-desis

A

Surgical fixation, fusion

179
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

180
Q

A surgical repair of the joint

A

arthroplasty

181
Q

Surgical repair of a tendon

A

tendoplasty

182
Q

-rrhaphy

A

Suture

183
Q

a surgical procedure to remove herniated disc material that is pressing on a nerve root or the spinal cord.

A

disectomy

184
Q

a small piece of bone (the lamina) from the affected vertebra may be removed in a procedure known as

A

laminectomy

185
Q

A process which uses a special microscope to view the disc and nerves

A

microdiscectomy

LOM (4 decks)

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