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Module 16- Blood Vessels > Module 16 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Module 16 Lecture Notes Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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1
Q

These form a closed delivery system that begins and ends at the heart

A

Blood vessels

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2
Q

These blood vessels carries the blood away from the heart and are known to fork or diverge as they form smaller and smaller diversions

A

Arteries

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3
Q

These blood vessels carry blood toward the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Of all the blood vessels, which has the intimate contact with tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Inside of blood vessels there are three distinct layers, they are,

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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6
Q

This is the middle and thicket layer of blood vessels that contains smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin

A

Tunica media

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7
Q

This is the innermost tunic that has the closest contact with the blood and contains endothelium

A

Tunica intima

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8
Q

Reduction in lumen diameter as the smooth muscle contracts

A

Vasoconstriction

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9
Q

Increase in lumen diameter as the smooth muscle relaxes

A

Vasodilation

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10
Q

The outermost layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of loosely woven collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessel and anchor it to the surrounding structures

A

Tunica externa

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11
Q

The tunica externa contains tiny blood vessels that nourish the most external tissues of blood vessel walls

A

Vasa vasorum

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12
Q

In terms of size and function, arteries can be divided into three types

A

Elastic Arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles

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13
Q

These are a type of artery that are near the heart and are the largest in diameter

A

Elastic arteries

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14
Q

Because that elastic arteries are low resistance pathways and conduct blood to the heart to medium size arteries and are sometimes referred to as

A

Conducting arteries

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15
Q

What tunica contains the most elastin?

A

Tunica media

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16
Q

_____ vessels recover tissue fluid and return it to the blood

A

Lymphatic

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17
Q

The elastic arteries give way to the ______ which delivers blood to specific body organs and account for most of the unnamed arteries studied In lab

A

Muscular or distributive arteries

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18
Q

These arteries have the thickest tunica media of all vessels, and they have elastic laminate on each face of the tunica media

A

Muscular arteries

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19
Q

The smallest of the arteries is this and they have only one layer which is made of tunica media and a few elastic Fibers

A

Arterioles

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20
Q

Blood flow into the capillary beds is determined by the ______ diameter

A

Arteriole

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21
Q

Arteries and veins have a three layered wall that surrounds the ______ or the central blood containing space

A

Lumen

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22
Q

Capillaries have thin walls only consisting of ______ and a supporting _____ ______

A

Endothelium

Basal Lamina

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23
Q

These large arteries expand under pressure and act as a pressure reservoir

A

Elastic arteries

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24
Q

What type of artery has a high percentage of smooth muscle

A

Muscular or distributing artery

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25
Q

What do arterioles contain to change their diameter to control flow into tissues

A

Smooth muscle

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26
Q

Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels that their Lumen can fit one ____ at a time

A

Red blood cell

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27
Q

Capillaries have very thin walls so they have special cells called _____ to help stabilize their walls and control permeability

A

Pericytes

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28
Q

Where will you not find capillaries? (4)

A

Cartilage
Epithelia
Cornea and lens of the eye

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29
Q

These capillaries are abundant in skin and muscles

A

Continuous capillaries

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30
Q

These capillaries are found in liver,bone marrow and spleen

A

Sinusoidal Capillaries

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31
Q

These Capillaries have tight junctions that connect endothelial cells

A

Continuous Capillaries

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32
Q

Some endothelial cells contain pores

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

33
Q

Intercellular clefts allow the passage of fluids and small solutes

A

Continuous Capillaries

34
Q

These Capillaries are more permeable than continuous Capillaries

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

35
Q

These Capillaries allow large molecules and blood cells to pass

A

Sinusoidal Capillaries

36
Q

These Capillaries function in absorption or filtration (kidney small intestines and endocrine glands)

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

37
Q

These are the backbone of mircocircluation of the tissues

A

Capillary beds

38
Q

Capillary beds are a network of Capillaries connecting the ______ _______

A

terminal artriole

39
Q

______ Capillaries branch off the met arteriole or the terminal arteriole. There are _____ to each bed

A

True

10-100

40
Q

The ______ or ______ shunt that directly connects terminal artiole and a post capillary venule

A

Metarteriole or Vascular

41
Q

Blood flow into the capillary bed is regulated by the _____ sphincters that open and allow blood to flow through true Capillaries or close to shut it off

A

Pre-capillary beds

42
Q

The sphincters themselves are controlled themselves by changes in local _____ or vasmotor from the _____ nervous system

A

Chemical

Sympathetic system

43
Q

_____ are the smallest part of the vessels of veins

A

Venules

44
Q

Venules are rather porous and allow things like ____ and ____ to move in and out

A

Fluids

White Blood Cells

45
Q

Venules gradually become bigger with thicker walls that are not permeable anymore contain ____ muscle

A

Smooth

46
Q

Veins have ____ walls with less smooth muscle and ____ lumens compared to arteries. But they are still able to change their _____ to help regulate blood flow into the venous system

A

Thinner
Larger
Diameter

47
Q

Flattened veins with very thin walls are called what?

A

Venous Sinuses

48
Q

The Venous Sinuses that are found in the brain are called?

A

Dural Sinuses

49
Q

The Venous Sinuses found in the heart are called

A

Coronary Sinus

50
Q

Connections of blood vessels that usually arent connected are called what

A

Anastomoses

51
Q

This is the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire circulation in a given period (usually one min)

A

Blood Flow

52
Q

If we consider the entire vascular system, blood flow is equivalent to what?

A

Cardiac Output

53
Q

Why does blood flow out vessels?

A

Pressure gradient

54
Q

A pressure gradient leads from ___ pressure to _____ pressure

A

high

low

55
Q

Unlike usual PSI pressure measurements, blood pressure is measured in what because of what the first device was filled with?

A

mmHg

57
Q

Blood moving through the cardio vascular system encounters _____

A

Resistance

58
Q

Three major types of resistance of blood flow are

A 
Blood viscosity (sticky blood)
Total Blood volume
Vessel length (Longer the vessel greater the resistance)
59
Q

Resistance is more important in influencing local blood flow because…

A

It is easily changed by altering blood vessel diameter

60
Q

Blood flow is directly proportional to what?

A

Blood pressure

61
Q

Blood flow is inversely proportional to what?

A

Peripheral resistance

62
Q

Where is systemic pressure highest?

A

In the Aorta

63
Q

What is MAP?

A

Mean arterial pressure

64
Q

What does MAP equal

A

Diatolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

65
Q

Short term control of the BP uses what two controls?

A

Neural & Hormonal

66
Q

What performs the task of long term regulation

A

Kidneys

67
Q

What does the short term neural controls maintain?

A

MAP of blood vessel diameter

68
Q

What short term controls react to pressure? and where are they found

A

Baroreceptors

Cartoid Sinus

69
Q

There are receptors that also react to different changes in pH or chemicals, what are these called?

A

Chemoreceptors

70
Q

What does the vasomotor center receive input from?

A

Medulla of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

71
Q

What two hormones are released from the medulla that are vasoconductors and increase HR and SV

A

Epinephrine & NonEpinephrine

72
Q

This is a hormone that is part of renin-angiotensin that increases BP by vasoconduction

A

Angiotensim II

73
Q

This hormone is produced by the heart in response to high BP , causes vasodilation to decline the BP

A

Atrial Natruretic Peptide

74
Q

This hormone causes intense vasoconstriction in cases of extremely low BP it is also called vassopressin

A

Anti-directic hormone

75
Q

In direct renal mechanisms, the ____ is altered

A

blood volume

76
Q

In indirect renal mechanism is altered by release of renin from kidneys when the BP _____

A

drops

77
Q

What is a normal Systolic BP?

A

110-140

78
Q

What is a normal Dyastolic BP?

A

70-80

79
Q

What is a permanent low BP

A

Hypotension

80
Q

What is a permanent high BP

A

Hypertension

Module 16- Blood Vessels (2 decks)

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