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Module 16- Blood Vessels > Modul 16 pt 2 > Flashcards

Modul 16 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term used for blood flowing through body tissues?

A

Tissue Perfusion

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2
Q

What is the purpose of Tissue perfusion?

A

Delivery of Oxygen and nutrients

& the removal of CO2 and metabolic waste

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3
Q

Blood flow is also really important in what three functions?

A

Gas exchange in lungs
Nutrient absorption in GI tract
Urine formation in Kidneys

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4
Q

What is the term used for automatic blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirement at any given time?

A

Autoregulation

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5
Q

What does autoregulation do?

A

Changes arterial diameters

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6
Q

What are two types of short termed auto-regulation of tissue perfusion?

A

Myogenic control

Metabolic control

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7
Q

The vasodilation of arterioles and relaxation of pre capillary sphincters during decline of O2 and substances in metabolic active tissue

A

Metabolic Control

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8
Q

What is the major factor in Metabolic control that causes vasodilation?

A

NO (nitric oxide)

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9
Q

This is the most potent vasoconstrictor known that aids in metabolic control

A

Endothelins

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10
Q

This short term control is responses of smooth muscle that keeps tissue perfusion constant despite tissue pressure

A

Myogenic control

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11
Q

How does the myogenic control keep pressure constant?

A

Passive stretch

Reduced stretch

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12
Q

Vasoconstriction in metabolic situations is due to sympathetic ______ and ________.

A

Stimulation

Endothelins

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13
Q

How does passive stretch promote increased tone and vasoconstriction?

A

It is increased intravascular pressure

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14
Q

What does reduced stretch promote?

A

Vasodilation that increases blood flow to tissues

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15
Q

What is a long-term regulation that occurs when short-term regulation cannot meet tissue nurtrient requirements?

A

Angiogenesis

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16
Q

What does angiogenesis do?

A

Increases the number of vessels in a certain area and increases existing vessels to enlarge

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17
Q

Where is angiogensis common?

A

In the heart when a coronary vessel is occluded (blocked)

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18
Q

What short term regulation dominates in skeletal muscle?

A

Myogenic

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19
Q

During muscle activity, blood flow increases in direct proportion to the ______

A

exercise or metabolic activity

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20
Q

Blood flow to the brain is _____ as neurons are intolerant of ischemia (restriction of blood supply to vessels)

A

Constant

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21
Q

What are the main metabolic controls of the brain?

A

Decline of pH

increased CO2 or Vasodilation

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22
Q

What are the Myogenic controls of the brain?

A

Decrease and Increase in MAP

causes cerebral vessels to constrict and dilate

23
Q

The brain is vunerable under extreme ____ pressure changes

A

Systematic

24
Q

What are the three reasons blood flow to the skin is important

A

Maintain body temp
Blood reservoir
Supplies nutrients to cells

25
Q

What is the blood flow to the skin controlled by?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

26
Q

When the body temp rises, what are the main three things that happen?

A

Heat radiates from skin
Sweat causes vasodilation
Release of NO

27
Q

Why is the pulmonary circulation unusual?

A

Pathway is short

Arterial resistance and pressure are low

28
Q

What organ is the auto regulatory mechanism the opposite of that of most tissues?

A

Lungs

29
Q

What do low and high levels of O2 cause for the lungs?

A

high- vasodilation

low- vasoconstriction

30
Q

During ventricular Systole in the heart, coronary vessels are _______

A

Compressed

31
Q

During ventricular Systole in the heart, myocardial blood flow _____

A

Ceases

32
Q

During ventricular Systole in the heart, stored myoglobin supplies

A

Enough Oxygen

33
Q

During strenuous exercise, how much does the blood flow increase?

A

three to four times

34
Q

During blood flow through capillaries this is most common

A

Vasomotion

35
Q

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, what goes from blood to tissue?

A

O2 and Nutrients

36
Q

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, what goes from tissue to blood?

A

CO2 and Waste

37
Q

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, Lipid-soluable molecules diffuse directly through ______ ______.

A

Endothelial membranes

38
Q

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, water-soluable pass through ______ and _______

A

clefts and fenestrations

39
Q

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, Larger molecules such as protein as transported by

A

Pinocytotic vesicles or caveolae

40
Q

This is extremely important in determining relative fluid volumes in the blood and interstitial space

A

Bulk Movements

41
Q

What does bulk flow depend on?

A

Two opposing forces
Hydrostatic pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure

42
Q

Hydrostatic pressue is made up of two distinct pressure that act against eachother, these pressures are

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

43
Q

In Capillary hydrostatic pressure, where is fluid forced?

A

through Capillary walls

44
Q

Where is pressure greater and less in Capillary hydrostatic pressure?

A

Greater at arterial end

Less at venule end

45
Q

Why is Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure usually assumed to be zero?

A

Lymphatic vessels

46
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure is created by nondiffusible ________ _______ that draw water towards themselves

A

plasma proteins

47
Q

This comprises of all the forces acting on a capillary bed

A

Net Filtration Pressure

48
Q

What forces dominate at the arterial end?

A

Hydrostatic forces

49
Q

What forces dominate at the venous end?

A

Osmotic Forces dominate

50
Q

What is circulatory shock resulted by?

A

inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs

51
Q

This circulatory shock that results from large-scale blood loss

A

Hypovolemic shock

52
Q

This circulatory shock results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

A

Vascular Shock

53
Q

This circulatory shock results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation

A

Cardiogenic shock

Module 16- Blood Vessels (2 decks)

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