Module 15.9 Lubricants and fuels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the drawbacks of mineral oils?

A

Lack stability and suffer from excessive volatility and thermal degradation at high temperatures

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2
Q

Ester based synthetic oils are now referred to as what?

A

Third generation oils

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3
Q

What are the functions of engine oil?

A
  • Lubrication
  • Cooling
  • Cleaning
  • Corrosion protection
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4
Q

What are the types of synthetic oils and uses?

A

Type 1 - older aircraft
Type 2 - modern GTE
Type 3 - specialised aircraft, jets

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5
Q

What are the advantages of synthetic oils?

A
  • Better viscosity
  • Better thermal stability
  • High pressure resistance
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6
Q

What is viscosity index?

A

The effect that temp has on the viscosity

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7
Q

What is viscosity?

A

Internal resistance of fluid against deformation/flow

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8
Q

What is the pour point?

A

Lowest temperature oil will visibly move

Type 2 - -57℃

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9
Q

What is the flash point of type 2 oils?

A

250℃

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10
Q

What is a feature needed for oil when between moving components?

A

Pressure resistance

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11
Q

What happens to oil when it reacts with oxygen?

A

It gets thicker

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12
Q

Acidity is a measure of what?

A

The oil’s corrosive tendencies

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13
Q

What is oil foaming a measure of?

A

Resistance of oil to separate from entrapped air

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14
Q

Oil can cause rubber to do what?

A

Swell

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15
Q

What metal is particularly susceptible to oil corrosion?

A

Copper

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16
Q

What is coking?

A

Amount of carbon residue in the oil after extreme heating

17
Q

What are the four types of turbine fuel?

A
  • Jet A
  • Jet A1
  • Jet B
  • JP5 (military application)
18
Q

What is the flash point and freezing point for JP5?

A

+65℃ - flash point
-48℃ - freezing point

19
Q

What is the flash point of jet B?

A

-20℃

20
Q

Where is jet A and jet A1 used?

A

Jet A1 - Europe
Jet A- America

21
Q

What are the main turbine fuel requirements?

A
  • Low freezing point
  • Low flash point for good ignition, but high enough to ensure safe handling
22
Q

What temp should max viscosity be at?

A

-20℃

23
Q

Jet fuels tend to carry what?

A

Water, dirt and micro-organisms

24
Q

What are the two conditions water can be carried in, in fuel?

A
  • Disolved
  • Suspended
25
Q

The interface between water and fuel promotes what?

A

Micro-biological growth

26
Q

What is the density of Jet A/A1at 15℃?

A

0.81 kg/Ltr

27
Q

What are two main reasons additives may be added to fuel?

A
  • Anti-ice
  • Anti-microbial
28
Q

What is a fuel anti-ice additive?

A

Prist

29
Q

What are some common additives in use?

A
  • Anti-oxidants
  • Static dissipator
  • Corrosion inhibitors
  • Metal deactivators
30
Q

Are synthetic oils storage stable?

A

No

31
Q

Can open containers of synthetic oil be re-used?

A

No

32
Q

Can you mix different brands and types of oil?

A

No

33
Q

Fuel leaks are caused by what?

A
  • Refuelling malfunctions
  • Aircraft damage
34
Q

Where do refuelling leaks usually occur?

A

At vent tank openings