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CAA Module 15 > Module 15.14 Engine indication systems > Flashcards

Module 15.14 Engine indication systems Flashcards

1
Q

Where is EGT measure from?

A

After the HP turbine or after the LP turbine

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2
Q

Why do we take the EGT?

A

As we want to know the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) but the 1st nozzle guide vane is too hot to measure temperature at the point

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3
Q

TIT is not easy to read as it can be above what temperature?

A

1400℃

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4
Q

What improves the accuracy of the calculations of TIT?

A

Placing the EGT sensor after the HP turbine

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5
Q

What does the EGT indicator in the flight deck show?

A

The average temperature measured by the thermocouples

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6
Q

What does the instrument scale range from?

A

0 to 1200℃

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7
Q

What are dual thermocouples?

A

Two electrically independent junctions within a single probe

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8
Q

Digital flight deck instrumentation does not use what to give temperature information to the crew?

A
  • Resistance type indicators
  • Adjusted servo-driven thermocouples
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9
Q

What does EPR stand for?

A

Engine Pressure Ratio

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10
Q

What are the two types of engine performance indicators?

A
  • N1, rotational speed of the fan
  • Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR)

They give an equivalent value

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11
Q

Engine indication can be divided into what 3 groups?

A
  • Performance indications
  • System indications
  • Engine trend indications
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12
Q

What are the primary indications?

A
  • N1
  • EPR
  • N2/N3
  • EGT
  • Fuel Flow (FF)
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13
Q

What warnings and cautions are displayed on the EICAS/ECAM?

A
  • Indication exceeds limit
  • Low oil pressure
  • Clogged filter
  • Unlocked thrust reverser
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14
Q

What are the 3 types of analysis done?

A
  • Thermodynamic
  • Mechanic dynamic
  • Oil consumption
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15
Q

What does EPR compare?

A

Compares engine turbine discharge pressure to the pressure of the ram air at the inlet

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16
Q

What does the blue circle represent on the EPR display?

A

EPR compared to the throttle position

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17
Q

What does the amber/red represent on the EPR display?

A

Max available thrust

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18
Q

What is the purpose of Flexible Take Off/Assumed Temperature Derate?

A

Uses an assumed temperature thrust reduction to preserve wear and prolong life

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19
Q

Where is oil pressure measured?

A

After the pump

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20
Q

What happens to the bourdon tube profile as pressure enters the tube?

A

Oval to a circle

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21
Q

What is the most common arrangement of a strain gauge?

A

Wheatstone bridge configuration

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22
Q

What does a strain gauge measure?

A

Change in resistance

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23
Q

When there is no strain, what is the voltage across the Wheatstone bridge?

A

0, balanced

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24
Q

What is the oil pressure switch connected to?

A
  • Oil supply line
  • Oil tank vent line
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25
Q

Where does the oil pressure signal get sent to?

A

Flight warning computer

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26
Q

What are the most common type of temperature sensors?

A
  • Resistance temperature detector
  • Thermocouple
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27
Q

Where is oil temperature measured?

A

As oil enters the pump

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28
Q

Where is the low pressure sensor in the fuel system?

A

After the LP pump

29
Q

What sensor is fitted across the filter?

A

Differential pressure

30
Q

What aircraft utilise bourdon tubes?

A

Small reciprocating aircraft

31
Q

What is sued alongside the gauge indications for warnings?

A

Visual and audible warnings

32
Q

Low fuel pressure warning lights are illuminated using what?

A

Simple pressure sensing switches

33
Q

When do the switch contacts close?

A

When there is not enough pressure to hold open the diaphragm

34
Q

Where is the low pressure warning switch usually located?

A

Outlet of the fuel boost pump

35
Q

How can low fuel temperature be corrected?

A

Fuel heater if equipped

36
Q

The fuel temperature can be integrated into what?

A

The fuel flow processing calculations

37
Q

What two indications does the fuel flow indication system display?

A
  • Actual fuel flow to the engines
  • Fuel used by the engines since the start
38
Q

What is required to generate fuel flow and fuel used indications?

A

Fuel flow transmitters

39
Q

What law do the fuel flow transmitters utilise?

A

Newton’s 2nd law

40
Q

What do all transmitters measure?

A

Force applied by the mass of fuel

41
Q

What are the types of flow meters?

A
  • Synchronous mass flow
  • Motorless mass flow
42
Q

What measures the force in the synchronous mass flow meter?

A

Fuel mass turns a turbine against a spring, deflection angle corresponds to the force

43
Q

In a motorless mass flow meter, what is used to generate acceleration?

A

Turbine driven by fuel itself

44
Q

What does the rotating turbine drive? (motorless)

A

Drum and impeller

45
Q

How are the drum and impeller coupled?

A

By a spring

46
Q

What are the 2 types of turbine engine speed sensor?

A
  • Variable reluctance
  • Tachometer generator
47
Q

Where is the variable reluctance probe placed?

A
  • On the fan blades
  • Phonic wheel
48
Q

What spool is a variable reluctance sensor on?

A

N1

49
Q

Tachometer generator frequency is proportional to what?

A

N2 rotor speed

50
Q

The 3 phase generator output of the tachometer supplies power to what?

A

FADEC computer

51
Q

What are the 3 types of rotor speed indication?

A
  • Clock type scale
  • Moving vertical bar
  • Electromechanical indicator
52
Q

If the engine speed exceeds the N1 redline limit what is initiated?

A

Generation of a report from engine trend monitoring

53
Q

How is the vibration indication given?

A

Units from 0 to 6

54
Q

What does EVMU stand for?

A

Engine Vibration Monitoring Unit

55
Q

Where are the sensors on each engine located?

A
  • Compressor area
  • Turbine area
56
Q

What are 2 accelerometer types used to measure vibrations?

A
  • Electromagnetic accelerometer
  • Piezoelectric crystal type sensor
57
Q

If N1 or N2 speed signal is lost what will be shown?

A

BroadBand (BB)

58
Q

The computerised engine fan balancing system helps to do what?

A

Change or decrease vibration

59
Q

Torque meters give engine power in what engines?

A

Turboshaft

60
Q

How do torque meters measure torque?

A
  • Electrically
  • Hydraulically
61
Q

How is a reading obtained on a torque meter?

A

Concentric shafts. Twist between the inner and outer shaft, the twist is proportional to the torque

62
Q

How is an electric torque reading produced?

A

Relative movement between teeth and magnet

63
Q

How do hydraulic torque meters give a reading?

A

Movement opens a valve. Oil pressure is proportional to the torque

64
Q

What is the purpose of the power assurance test?

A

Check engine can accelerate and decelerate in a certain time

65
Q

How long should the engine be held at idle for initially?

A

5 mins

66
Q

If above 70% N1 is achieved during the test, how long post test must the engine be run at idle?

A

10 mins

67
Q

What switches should be set too off in a power assurance test?

A

Anti-ice and bleed air

68
Q

How is N2 rotor speed found?

A

Output from a Permanent Magnet Generator

CAA Module 15 (18 decks)

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