Module 15: Digestive System - Accessory Organs

Question 1

liver functions

Answer 1

secretes bile, detoxifies blood, stores vitamins and nutrients, stores glucose as glycogen, makes blood plasma proteins, phagocytize debris, breaks down and recycles red blood cells

Question 2

porta hepatis

Answer 2

hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and common hepatic duct

Question 3

hepatic artery proper

Answer 3

delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the liber

Question 4

hepatic portal vein

Answer 4

delivers partially deoxygenated blood containing nutrients and toxins absorbed from small intestine; begins with capillaries in stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and spleen; end with capillaries in liver

Question 5

common hepatic duct

Answer 5

carries bile away from liver towards the small intestine

Question 6

hepatic portal system

Answer 6

receives blood from superior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, gastric veins, and their tributaries

Question 7

hepatocyte

Answer 7

liver’s main cell type; process nutrients, toxins, and waste materials in blood; secrete bile; break down large lipid globules

Question 8

pancreas

Answer 8

secondarily retroperitoneal organ; glandular

Question 9

exocrine function of pancreas

Answer 9

secretes pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate)

Question 10

sodium bicarbonate functions

Answer 10

buffer for acidic gastric juices in chyme, activate pepsin from stomach, create optimal environment for digestive enzymes in small intestine

Question 11

pancreatic enzyme function

Answer 11

digest sugars, proteins, fat

Question 12

endocrine functions of pancreas

Answer 12

islets of Langerhan cells = alpha and beta cells; regulate blood sugar

Question 13

alpha cells

Answer 13

produce glucagon, stimulated by low blood glucose

Question 14

beta cells

Answer 14

produce insulin, stimulated by elevated blood glucose

Question 15

bile functions

Answer 15

digestion of lipids, transport cholesterol out of the body

Question 16

gallbladder

Answer 16

simple columnar epithelium is organized in rugae; middle wall = smooth muscle; mucosa concentrates bile by absorbing water and ions; stores bile