Module 1.5 Flashcards
What is an example of utility software
antivirus software and programs that back up your data
What are operating systems
system software that controls all activities that take place in a computer
Where does the computer look for instructions to boot the computer on
ROM Chips
What are the roles of the operating system
Providing the user interface- To allow us to interact with the computer via a GUI
Managing Programs- Manage which programs and tasks can use the CPU and for how long
Managing Hardware- Disk management (storage)
Memory management
Input/output management
Providing Basic Security- User and access control (passwords)
Basic protection against threats
What is Multi-tasking
ability of the operating system to load and process multiple tasks at the same time
How do you access the taskbar
Right-click on taskbar / Ctrl+Alt+Del
What is a file path
‘Succession’ of folders that leads to the location of a specific file
what is metadata
Additional data stored about a file: describes contents such as author and title of the file
what is compressing
Process of reducing the size of a file
Also referred to as ‘zipping’
what is decompressing
Refers to the process of converting (extracting) a compressed file back to the original size
What is a scheduler
A scheduler is a program that is used to run certain programs at specific times. It can be used to ensure that the computer does not update while it is being used.perform certain routine housekeeping tasks (disk defragmentation)
Schedulers can be set to run in off-peak times (do not slow down PC and internet is faster)
What is spooling
the process of sending print tasks to the disk (hard drive) temporarily until the printer is ready to print them.
Why should a user make backups of their data
files can be accidentally overwritten or deleted
hardware failures – disk drive crashes
devices can be stolen (with data and files stored on them)
disasters – fires, earthquakes and floods can destroy hardware
files can be corrupted by power fluctuations
files can be deleted, encrypted or corrupted by viruses, etc.
What is access control
Access control means that the operating system specifically asks your permission before any software can be installed.
The purpose of access control is to try to make it impossible for malware to be secretly installed on your computer without your knowledge.
What is firewall
A firewall acts as a barrier between your computer and the internet. Checks which programs are trying to access your computer via the internet, or internet via your computer.
what are the three most crucial hardware components in terms of performance
Memory (RAM)
Processor (CPU)
Hard drive (HDD) / Solid State Drive (SSD)
If someone asks you what platform you are running on your computer, what are they referring to?
The operating system used on your computer
One of the key functions of an operating system is to manage memory. Why is this such a crucial function?
Different sets of programs and their data need to be loaded in memory for them to run or be processed. The operating system controls how programs use the memory (RAM) – i.e. it makes sure that programs don’t try to use the same area of memory at the same time and so corrupt each other’s data/instructions.
Give two examples of how an operating system provides us with a basic level of security.
The operating system provides basic security functions such as user and access control (through passwords, fingerprint recognition, etc.), as well as basic protection against threats to our computers.
Utilities also form part of system software.
What is the function of utilities and what is the relationship between utilities and the operating system?
Utilities are programs that perform system maintenance and administrative tasks. Several types of utilities are included with the operating system. These can usually be accessed via the Start Menu.
What can you do to prevent a specific Word file on your flash drive from being accidentally overwritten?
Set/select the read-only attribute of the file so that it is read-only.
Metadata allows us to perform very powerful searches in File Explorer.
Briefly explain what metadata is and give examples of some of the types of information you could use when searching for a particular MP3 (music) file.
Metadata is additional data stored about a file that describes the contents of the file. For example, you can search for a music file using metadata such as information about the album, artist, genre and year the album was released.
Briefly explain what exporting data means.
Exporting data means saving it in a format that can be read by a different version of the same
application, or even a totally different application.
Give two typical tasks that schedulers perform for us.
Schedulers automatically check for updates, and automatically perform routine housekeeping tasks such as disk defragmentation.