Module 14: Oxygenation and Oropharnygeal Suctioning

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

Process of moving air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

Process of delivering O2 to cells and removal of CO2 (exchanging gases)

Question 3

Important steps for Oxygen to be delivered to the tissues (5)

Answer 3

1. Oxygen must be breathed into the lungs
2. Oxygen must pass from air spaces in lungs to blood (alveolar gas exchange)
3. The blood must contain enough hemoglobin to carry sufficient oxygen to the tissues. (Perfusion)
4. The heart must be able to pump enough blood to the tissues to meet the patient’s oxygen requirements. (Circulation)
5. The volume of blood in the circulation must be adequate to ensure oxygenated blood is distributed to all the tissues. (Stroke Volume)

Question 4

Physiological Factors Affecting Oxygenation

Answer 4

• Decreased oxygen-caring capacity
• Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
• Hypovolemia
• Increased metabolic rate

Question 5

Oxygen Therapy

Answer 5

• Goal is to relieve or prevent hypoxia
• Measured by liters per minute, controlled by regulator
• Supplied by wall outlets or portable systems such as tanks or O2 compressors

Question 6

Methods of Oxygen Delivery

Answer 6

• Nasal Canula
• Simple Face Mask
• Partial Rebreather Mask
• Venturi Mask

Question 7

Nasal Cannula

Answer 7

-Prongs inserted into nares
-Low-flow device (1-6L/ min)
=>Flow rate > 4L not often used due to drying effect
-Assess behind ears for skin breakdown
-24-44% concentration of 02

Question 8

Simple Face Mask

Answer 8

• Cover patients mouth and nose, secured with strap
• Short term O2 therapy
• 5-8L/min
• Delivers O2 at 40-60% concentration

Question 9

Partial Rebreather Mask

Answer 9

-Reservoir bag
-Delivers O2 at 40-70% concentration
-Non Rebreather Mask
Reservoir bag
Delivers O2 at 60–80% concentration
-One way valves

Question 10

Venturi Mask

Answer 10

• High flow device (4-12 L/min as per textbook)
• Delivers O2 at 24-60% concentration depending on meter
• Wide bore tubing and color-coded jet adapters correspond to O2 concentrations and liter flow

Question 11

High Flow- Nasal Prongs

Answer 11

-Blends oxygen/air from 35-100%
-Nasal cannula or trach adapter up to 60L/min
-Humidified enriched oxygen therapy for mild to moderate respiratory distress
-Does not facilitate CO2 removal
-May bridge conventional O2 to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
=>CPAP
=>BiPAP

Question 12

Artificial Airways

Answer 12

Indicated for patients with a decreased level of consciousness or an airway obstruction and to aid in the removal or tracheobronchial secretions

Question 13

Suctioning – Clearing the Airway

Answer 13

• Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal
• Used when a patient is able to cough effectively but is unable to clear secretions by expectorating or swallowing
• Frequency depends on patient symptoms
• No longer than 10-15 sec