Module #14 Flashcards
The study of plants
Botany
Plant that has trunks and/or woody stems and typically grow year after year
Perennial plants - plants that grow year after year.
Plants that are not woody and typically live for only one year are called
Annuals
Annual plants- plants that live for only one year
A few types of plants are —— they live for two years. Typically they store food the first season of growth then reproduce in the second season.
Biennial
Biennial plants- plants that live for two years.
In general plant organs can be categorized in two things. Name them
Vegetative organs
Reproductive organs
Name parts of a plant in vegetative organs
Such as stems,roots and leaves
Name parts of reproductive organs
Such as flowers, fruits, and seeds
Name the 4 basic kinds of plant tissue
Meristematic tissue,
Ground tissue,
Dermal tissue,
Vascular tissue
Vascular tissue is either name 2
Xylem- non living vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves.
Phloem- living vascular tissue that carries sugars and organic substances throughout a plant.
If a portion of a plant is producing new cells, what type of plant tissue will be in that region?
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE will be anywhere that mitosis is going on. The cells that perform mitosis are a part of the meristematic tissue.
What do we call the structure that attaches to the blade of the leaf to the steam?
the PETIOLE attaches the leaf blade to the stem.
In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissues?
a. palisade mesophyll
b. spongy mesophyll
c. epidermis
d. xylem
e. phloem
f. chollenchyma
A. photosynthesis B. photosynthesis C. protection D. transports water and minerals E. transports food and organic substances F. support
What controls the opening and closing of the stomata on a leaf?
The guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata.
Why is the bottom of a leaf typically a lighter shade of green than the top of the leaf?
The SPONGY MESOPHYLL is typically on the underside of the leaf, and it is usually a lighter shade of green due to the fact that the photosynthesis cells are not as tightly packed there.
Name two types of pigments that cause leaves to be a color other than green?
CAROTENOIDS and ANTHOCYANINS
If a tree has no ABSCISSION LAYER, will it be deciduous?
No…a tree without an abscission layer cannot be deciduous.
Where is the ABSCISSION LAYER?
the ABSCISSION LAYER is right between the STEM and the PETIOLE
Name the 4 regions of a root. Which region contains undifferentiated cells?
4 regions: ROOT CAP MERISTEMATIC REGION ELONGATION REGION MATURATION REGION
the undifferentiated cells are in the meristematic region
What allows woody stems to have no limits to their growth, unlike herbaceous stems?
Woody stems have no limit to their growth because the cork cambium can always produce more bark.
What is the function of vascular cambium?
The vascular cambium produces new VASCULAR TISSUE.
If a stem has cork cambium, is it woody or herbaceous?
It is woody. The cork cambium appears only in woody stems. It makes new cork tissue for the outer bark.
What kind of vacular tissue makes up most of the wood in a woody stem? What kind of vacular tissue is found in the inner bark of a woody stem?
Xylem make up most of the wood in a woody stem, while phleom are found in the inner bark.
A fern has antheridia and archegonia. Which part of the fern life cycle is it in? Is this the dominant generation?
It is in the gametophyte generation which is not the dominant generation for ferns.
What is the dominant generation in the moss life cycle? Is it haploid or diploid?
The dominant generation in mosses is the gametophyte generation, and it is haploid.
Why are the plants from phylum Bryophyta relatively small?
Since plants from Bryophyta have no vascular tissue, there is no efficient way to transport nutrients through the plant. The plant must therefore stay small so that the nutrients need not travel far.
If a 15- foot tall plant has a root system that goes four feet deep, is it a fibrous or taproot system?
The plant must have a fibrous root system. If a root system does not go deeper than the height of a plant, it must spread out so that its total length is greater than that of the plant.
What are the male and female reproductive organs in a tree from phylum Coniferophyta?
The female reproductive organ is the seed cone, and the male is the pollen cone.
What is the fundamental difference between monocots and dicots?
The number of cotyledons produced in the seed is the fundamental difference between monocots and dicots. Monocots have one cotyledon in their seeds, dicots have two.
Name another difference between monocots and dicots.
In MONOCOTS
- the venation is PARALLEL,
- have FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEMS
- produce flowers in groups of 3 or 6
In DICOTS
- venation is NETTED - PINNATE or PALMATE
- have TAPROOT SYSTEMS
- produce flowers in grups of 4 or 5
A plant produces seed cones and pollen cones. Is it vascular? To what phylum (of the ones that we discussed) does it belong?
phylum CONIFEROPHYTA
A plant produces flowers. To what phylum does it below?
phylum ANTHOPHYTA
What in cells contains ________ that holds pigments, starches, and oils?
Plastids
The plastids of some plants hold a group of pigment called__________ typically have yellow and range hues.
Carotenoids
Another set of pigments that have different colors depending on the PH of leaf tissue called a————-
Anthocyanins
She leaves that do not produce other pigments other than chlorophyll die and turn brown. Brown color result of what?
A chemical called Tannic acid
