Module 13.1 : Apical Color and Spectral Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

right heart doppler in apical 4 chamber

A
  • mostly of color and spectral doppler of tricuspid valve
  • pulmonary valve is rarely seen due to its anterior position
  • assess TV inflow as well as regurge
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2
Q

assess amount of TR

A
  • tricuspid regurge
  • close to 80% have it
  • important to differentiate between normal and abnormal regurge
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3
Q

physiologic/trace/normal TR

A
  • result of normal function of right heart combined with lower pressures
  • TV closes later than MV
  • seen during FIRST HALF OF SYSTOLE
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4
Q

normal color doppler of TV

A
  • look for blue mosaic color
  • red is inflow
  • blue is regurge
  • color scale is sam as MV
    + 50-70 cm/s
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5
Q

color doppler of significant or abnormal TR

A
  • large color jet
  • dilated RV and RA
  • both atria dilated
  • place cursor line in the middle of jet
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6
Q

CW of tricuspid valve

A
  • able to capture both inflow and regurge on same image
  • inflow velocity will be small (NOT MEASURE)
  • measure peak velocity and calculate RVSP
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7
Q

RVSP equation

A

RVSP = 4(TR peak velocity)^2 + RAP

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8
Q

RVSP AND PASP

A
  • RVSP is equal to PASP only when no RV outflow obstruction is present
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9
Q

PW TV inflow

A
  • waves are same as PW of the mitral valve
  • E wave should be greater than A wave
  • no measurements taken here
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10
Q

TV normal E wave

A

< 0.7 m/s

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11
Q

TDI of TV annulus - S prime normal

A
  • S prime wave should be > 9.5 cm/s
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12
Q

apical 2 chamber doppler

A
  • basic routine is to take two images
    + apical 2D cine
    + apical color MV
  • no spectral in this view
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13
Q

apical long axis color assesses

A
  • MV and AV
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14
Q

apical long axis spectral asseses

A
  • LVOT pulsed wae
  • AV CW
    + if CW already done in A5C and is normal then don’t need to do tis
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15
Q

PW of LVOT LAX

A
  • trace LVOT VTI in either the A5C or A3C not in both views for normal hearts
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16
Q

CW of AV in apical long axis

A
  • looks the same as in A5C

- AV VTI can also be traced here

17
Q

normal AV peak velocity

A

< 2 m/s