Module 1.3: Tools for a Healthy Diet Flashcards
A person’s nutritional status can be classified into one of three categories which are __________.
(1) desirable nutrition
(2) overnutrition
(3) undernutrition
What is Desirable nutrition?
Desirable nutrition is achieved by eating a variety of foods that provide all the essential nutrients to support normal body functions.
What is Overnutrition?
Overnutrition is the excess consumption of calories, fats, saturated fats, and cholesterol, which increase the risks of chronic disease.
What is Undernutrition?
Undernutrition occurs when nutrient intake does not meet the nutrient needs of the body.
The deficiency of a nutrient is sufficient to begin to affect one’s health and yet is not yet severe enough to cause outward symptoms.
What is Malnutrition?
Malnutrition relates to the ill effects of an unbalanced diet, which stems from the inadequate or overabundant intake of one or more nutrients.
What are the five assessment categories that will provide a complete picture of an individual’s health?
- Anthropometric assessment
- Biochemical assessment
- Clinical assessment
- Dietary assessment
- Environmental assessment
Anthropometric assessment
Measurements of body composition, including weight, height, skin fold measurements, BMI (body mass index), head circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and bioelectrical impedance
Biochemical assessment
measurement of nutrients in the blood, urine, and feces
Clinical assesment
physical examination evaluating the general appearance of the skin, eyes, tongue, teeth, and throat; blood pressure, reflexes and mobility are also often checked
Dietary assessment
evaluation of an individual’s dietary intake (or what they eat) to determine any deficiencies or problematic areas.
Environmental assessment
review of the person’s living conditions as well as their background history, which includes medical history, medication review, social history (marital status, living conditions), level of education, and economic status
What are the five basic food groups?
- Protein
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Grains
- Dairy
What are the 6 main concepts of MyPyramid?
- Personalization
- Moderation
- Proportionalization
- Variety
- Activity
- Gradual improvement
Even with this method, obesity rates still went up, so they updated it with MyPlate which changed meat to protein & milk to dairy
What concepts does MyPlate illustrate?
- Balance - calories and portion size
- Moderation - increase consumption for some groups and limit consumption of others
- Variety - consume all food groups
What are the three key dietary principles of the Dietary Guidelines to Make Every Bite Count?
- Meet nutritional needs primarily from nutrient-dense foods and beverages
- Choose a variety of options from each food group
- Pay attention to portion size
What are some free benefits offered to consumers through Myplate?
MyPlate plan - an estimate of what and how much food an individual should consume based on age, gender, and activity level
MyPlate nutrient recommendations - recommendations on serving sizes and nutrient recommendations for your particular needs
What are the two subgroups of grains?
Whole grains and refined grains
What report does U.S. Department of Health and Human Services update every 10 years?
Healthy People report
What are the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) responsible for?
Updating guidelines for healthy living every five years.
What type of info do food labels have to have?
- product name
- name and address of the manufacturer
- amount of product in the package
- ingredients listed in descending order by weight
- nutritional facts
- allergen information
What should the guide to % Daily Value be for nutrients?
Between 5% to 20%
What is a Nutrition Facts Panel?
A key tool for product comparison and ensuring adequate intake of nutrients while limiting excess fats and calories.
What are the four types of claims that food manufacturers use?
- Health claim
- Preliminary health claim
- Nutrient claim
- Structure/function claim
Describe each of the four claims.
Health claim - regulated by FDA and there must be significant evidence that links the nutrient in the food with a reduced risk of disease. A diet rich in fruits “may” reduce the risk of some types of cancer.
Preliminary health claim - regulated by FDA but a scientific link may not be established or “this evidence is not conclusive”.
Nutrient claim - regulated by FDA and a specific claim is being made about a nutrient. “low-fat” or “low sodium”.
Structure/function claim - not FDA regulated and does not have scientific evidence.
