Module 1.3 The Languages of A&P

Question 1

How a person can be described in anatomical position?

Answer 1

the body is standing upright and the feet are shoulder width apart, with the upper limbs at the sides of the trunk and the head and palms facing forward.

Note: “right” and “left” as the right and left of the body we are describing, not our own right and left.

Question 2

Define the major directional anatomical terms.

Answer 2

• Anterior/Posterior: front/back
• Superior/Inferior: toward the head(cranial)/ away from the head of toward the tail(caudal)
  only on head, neck, trunk
• Mideal/Lateral: a position closer to the body’s midline/ farther away from the midline
• Proximal/Distal: being closer to the point of origin/ being farther away of distant from the point of origin
• Superficial/Deep: the structures that are closer to the surface of the body/ thowse farther below

Question 3

2. Fill in the blanks:

a. The nose is to the mouth.

b. The ankle is to the knee.

c. The ring finger is to the index finger.

d. The skin is to the bone.

e. The trachea is to the spine.

f. The shoulder is to the wrist.

Answer 3

a. superior
b. distal
c. medial(spelling!)
d. superficial
e. anterior
f. proximal

Question 4

See Figures1.7
To put together the directional and regional terms, Let’s use these terms to describe the surgical incision shown here:

Answer 4

The incision was made on the anterior cervical region, just lateral to the midline. It extended vertically from 1 centimeter inferior to the mental region to 2 centimeter_s_ superior to the thoracic region. It was deep to the skin and muscle, but superficial to the larynx.

Question 5

Identify the various planes in which a body or body part might be dissected.

Describe the appearance of a body sectioned along each of those planes.

Answer 5

Sagittal Plane
: right and left sections
- Midsagittal plane: equal
- Parasagittal plane: unequal (para- = “near”)

Frontal Plane(coronal plane)
: anterior and posterior sections(a front section and a back section)

Transverse Plane
(also known as Horizontal pland, Cross-section)
: divides the body or body part into superior and interior parts
Note: the appendicular region - into proximal and distal parts

Question 6

Fill in the blanks:

a. The wrist is also known as the region.

Answer 6

a. Carpal

Question 7

b. The arm is also known as the region.

Answer 7

b. Brachial

Question 8

c. The armpit is also known as the region.

Answer 8

C. Auxillary

Question 9

d. The neck is also known as the region.

Answer 9

d. Cervical

Question 10

The thigh is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 10

Fermoral

Question 11

The hip is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 11

Coxal

Question 12

The buttocks is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 12

Gluteal

Question 13

The anterior surface of the elbow is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 13

Antecubital

Question 14

The forearm is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 14

Antebrachial

Question 15

The point of the shoulder is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 15

Acromial

Question 16

The head is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 16

Cephalic

Question 17

The skull is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 17

Cranial

Question 18

The posterior surface of the knee is also known as the ___________ region.

Answer 18

Popliteal

Question 19

You need to examine the internal anatomy of both lungs at the same time but can make only one cut. Which plane or planes of section would allow you to do this? Explain.

Answer 19

Frontal of Transverse plane

Either a frontal section or a transverse section would allow you to view both lungs at the same time.