Module 1.3: The Cell Flashcards
The cell
1) basic & smallest unit of life
2) can carry out all activities associated with life
Metabolism
The chemical reactions that take place inside of the cell
What is cell theory?
(1) cells are the basic living units of organization in all organisms
(2) all cells come from other cells
Organelles are
- small specialized structures within the cell
-cell as factory (organelles would be each individual department contributing to the cells life functions)
Prokaryotic cells
-(also called prokaryotes)
-considered simple cells
-have three defining characteristics: (1) size, (2) non-enclosed genetic material and (3) lack of organelles and other internal membrane bound structures.
Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells
- Most are between 1-10 (micrometers)
- 1/30,000 of an inch
-cannot be seen with the naked eye.
The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is not
enclosed within a nuclear membrane (prokaryotic means “before the nucleus”).
genomic material remains unbound within the cytoplasm
The area where this genetic material is located is referred to as the** nucleoid**
cytoplasm
(interior) of the cell
Ribosomes are responsible for
linking together amino acids, as specified by RNA, in order to generate proteins
Prokaryotic cells do not contain
organelles
Beyond the plasma membrane, the cell wall
is rigid in varying degree depending on the species.
Fimbriae
are protein structures located on the outside of the cell that are used for attachment to other cells.
Flagella
are whip like structures found on some prokaryotes and serve as a mechanism of movement.
Glycocalyx
is a glycoprotein or glycolipid outer coating that allows for protection.
The “coat” that protects the cell
Eukaryotic cells are more
complex than prokaryotic cells
The Nucleus
surrounded by a porous, double membrane (envelope) (two layers of walls)
is the most prominent organelle in the cell
Enclosed in the nucleoplasm
Ribosomes are complexes
of tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins.
Genes
The information necessary to determine which proteins a cell manufactures
found in specific sequences of nucleotides called “genes”