Module 1: Biochemistry & Cell Biology Flashcards
Anything that takes up space, by having a volume, and has mass.
Matter
Matter can exist in a
in a solid, liquid, gaseous (vapor), or plasma state.
All matter is made up of certain basic substances called
Elements
Essential elements are
required for human life
Trace elements are required
only in small quantities.
Elements cannot be broken down
to simpler substances and there are only ninety-two naturally occurring elements.
Molecules are formed
when elements combine with one another.
If the types of atoms in a molecule are different from each other,
a compound is formed.
Ions
are atoms (or molecules) with a net electrical charge that can be negative or positive based on the gain or loss of electrons, respectively.
Cations
are positively charged ions.
Anions
are negatively charged ions.
ionic bonds
are generated based on the attraction between oppositely charged particles
A covalent bond occurs
when electrons are shared by two atoms to complete the valence shells of both.
In general, covalent bonds exist between
two non-metals.
Polar molecules also
interact easily with other polar molecules.