Module 1: Biochemistry & Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Anything that takes up space, by having a volume, and has mass.

A

Matter

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2
Q

Matter can exist in a

A

in a solid, liquid, gaseous (vapor), or plasma state.

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3
Q

All matter is made up of certain basic substances called

A

Elements

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4
Q

Essential elements are

A

required for human life

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5
Q

Trace elements are required

A

only in small quantities.

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6
Q

Elements cannot be broken down

A

to simpler substances and there are only ninety-two naturally occurring elements.

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7
Q

Molecules are formed

A

when elements combine with one another.

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8
Q

If the types of atoms in a molecule are different from each other,

A

a compound is formed.

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9
Q

Ions

A

are atoms (or molecules) with a net electrical charge that can be negative or positive based on the gain or loss of electrons, respectively.

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10
Q

Cations

A

are positively charged ions.

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11
Q

Anions

A

are negatively charged ions.

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12
Q

ionic bonds

A

are generated based on the attraction between oppositely charged particles

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13
Q

A covalent bond occurs

A

when electrons are shared by two atoms to complete the valence shells of both.

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14
Q

In general, covalent bonds exist between

A

two non-metals.

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15
Q

Polar molecules also

A

interact easily with other polar molecules.

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16
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a relatively weak bond, which is often represented by a dotted line because it is easily broken.

17
Q

Biomacromolecules are found

A

in living organisms and are comprised of four main types of organic compounds: (1) carbohydrates, (2) lipids, (3) proteins and (4) nucleic acids.

18
Q

Each biomacromolecule is made up of many attached units of smaller molecules called

A

monomers (mono- meaning “one”).

19
Q

The biomacromolecules are said to be

A

polymers (poly- meaning “many”) since they contain many monomers.

20
Q

Carbohydrates

A

commonly referred to as sugars, are the primary source of fuel for organisms and have the same three elements in their main structure: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, and O, respectively).

21
Q

Monosaccharides

A

are simple sugar (saccharide) carbohydrates made up of a single monomer (mono).

22
Q

Polysaccharides

A

are complex sugars made of many (poly) monosaccharides linked together and are named according to the number of sugars.

23
Q

What is a Dehydration reaction?

A

a water molecule is lost from the reactant side of the chemical equation.

24
Q

Hydrolysis

A

involves the separation of water molecules to break bonds in the reacting molecule.

25
Q

starch is the primary form utilized

A

by plants to store glucose

26
Q

glycogen

A

used by humans and animals
found within liver and muscle cells.

27
Q

Atoms

A

Building blocks of matter

28
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Atoms can be of the same or different elements