Module 1.3 - Folding & Faulting

Question 1

What causes folding

Answer 1

rocks being put under enormous heat and pressure resulting in solid rocks softening and bending forming folds

Question 2

What are the two types of folds

Answer 2

anticlines - folds that bend upwards

synclines - folds that bend upwards

Question 3

What causes faulting

Answer 3

force of plate movements put pressure on crest and it cracks creating a crack in earths surface along which rocks move

Question 4

What are the two types of faults

Answer 4

reverse- caused by pushing forces compressing the hanging wall rises
normal - caused by stretching of forces diverging, the hanging wall drops

Question 5

How are oil and gas traps formed (5 steps)

Answer 5

1. millions of tiny animals once lived in the sea
2. when they died the fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but did not rot away
3. over millions of years the animal remains were buried deeper by mud and sand
4. temperature and pressure changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gases
5. overtime, the sandstone/limestone wash up and because they are pourous contain pockets of oil and gas

Question 6

What is stratigraphy

Answer 6

based on law of superstition where as long as layers of soil are undistrbed the oldest layers will be on teh bottom and the youngest on top