MODULE 13 Flashcards
a branch of psychiatry that focuses on understanding mental disorders from a biological standpoint.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
focused on the role of current emotional stressors, early childhood traumas, interpersonal problems, and intrapsychic conflict as causal agents in the development of psychiatric symptomatology.
Psychologically Oriented Psychiatry
What medical model uses pharmaceutical drugs
PHARMACOTHERAPY
What medical model is the study of the use of medications in treating mental disorder
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
What medical model emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in
consciousness and behavior
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
- to ameliorate the symptoms
- to stabilize the patient using medication; - begins with the initial prescribing of medication, and generally lasts for a period of up to six months of prescribed use (NIMH).
ACUTE TREATMENT
- to ameliorate the symptoms
- to stabilize the patient using medication; - begins with the initial prescribing of medication, and generally lasts for a period of up to six months of prescribed use (NIMH).
CONTINUUM TREATMENT
- to prevent future episodes of a disorder; prescribed drug use for a period of one to two years; long-term treatment
MAINTENANCE TREATMENT
deals with origin, source, identification, biosynthesis and isolation of the drug
PHARMACOGNOSY
deals with manufacturing of drugs with dosage,
PHARMACEUTICS
deals with study of chemical nature and synthetic process involved in drug development
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
deals with the role of genetic variations in response of person to a certain drug
PHARMACOGENETICS
The study of what the body does to a drug
PHARMACOKINETICS
the movement of a substance into the bloodstream
ABSORPTION
involves the scattering of drugs or substances throughout body tissues and fluids.
DISTRIBUTION
the transformation or breakdown of substances such that they are prepared for elimination from the body; occurs
METABOLISM (BIOTRANSFORMATION)
drug metabolism that occurs when a drug goes through the liver soon after intestinal absorption, before reaching the systemic circulation
LIVER FIRST-PASS EXTRACTION
proportion of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation
BIOAVAILABITY
total area under the curve that describes the drug plasma
AREA UNDER THE CURVE (AUC)
apparent volume in which the drug is distributed after absorption
VOLUME DISTRIBUTION (Vd)
drug quantity for unit of plasma
CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA
highest plasma concentration
PEAK PLASMA CONCENTRATION
time that it takes from drug administration to reach Peak Plasma Concentration.
TIME TO PEAK PLASMA CONCENTRATION
volume of plasma completely cleared of the drug in a unit of time; the cumulative result of drug removal that occurs in the liver, kidney, and other parts of the body.
CLEARANCE/PLASMA CLEARANCE
is time required to bring down drug level in body by one half which is dependent on volume of
distribution and clearance.
HALF LIFE
with repeated dosing some drugs accumulate, which is inversely proportional to the fraction of the dose, lost in each dosing interval.
DRUG ACCUMULATION
it can be immediate, delayed or cumulative
DRUG EFFECT
It studies the mechanism of a drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect.
PHARMACODYNAMICS
TRUE OR FALSE
During absorption, drug-drug interactions are more prevalent than drug-food interactions.
FALSE
During absorption, drug-food interactions are more prevalent than drug-drug interactions.
TRUE OF FALSE
Antidepressants, antipsychotics and all of the older anticonvulsants are linked to significant drug
interactions
FALSE
Antidepressants, antipsychotics and some of the older anticonvulsants are linked to significant drug
interactions
TRUE OR FALSE
the risk of drug interactions increases as the number of medications the patient is taking increases.
TRUE
- secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress or arousal
- principal neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerve endings supplying the major organs
and skin. - regulates alertness, anxiety, tension, and the ability to have positive feelings.
- released in response to an imminent danger, resulting in an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and respiration.
- elevated levels can lead to states of increased anxiety, and in some cases, mania.
- low levels are implicated in depression
NOREPINEPHRINE
- a vasoconstrictor present in blood serum that is liked to the regulation of mood, anger, aggression, anxiety, appetite, learning, sleep, sexual functioning, states of consciousness and pain.
- low levels are associated with clinical depression, OCD and anxiety disorders
SEROTONIN (5-HT)
- influences emotional behavior and cognition, and it regulates motor and endocrine activity, among other factors.
- functions in brain include attention, mood, sociability, motivation, desire, pleasure, and learning.
- associated with reward mechanisms in the brain. - high level can lead to psychoses
DOPAMINE
- an amino acid that is the CNS major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
- regulation of this is associated with emotional balance, sleep patterns and anxiety.
- low levels are associated with increased anxiety, irritability and agitation.
- activation of this, results in decreased anxiety which can be facilitated through the use of anti-anxiety agents, as well as mood stabilizing neuromodulators
GABA
- released through the stimulation of vagus nerve, which alters heart-muscle contractility.
- important to functional memory
ACETYLCHOLINE
- brain’s primary excitatory neurotransmitter; basic building block of proteins and play an important role in learning and memory
GLUTAMATE
ALL OF THE PROCEDURES ARE DONE DURING VISITS WITH THE CLIENT, EXCEPT ONE:
A. Diagnostic journey begins with a thorough assessment of the presenting client’s situation.
B. Have the ability to frame a series of insightful
C. Does not require building rapport
D. Observation
E. Approach each session with a confident presence
C.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE THE TECHNIQUES ARE USED FOR DEVELOPING RAPPORT?
A. Dressing professionally
B. Displaying symbols of comfort in your office
C. Discreetly taking notes during sessions
D. Leaning slightly forward when addressing the client as a gesture of interest and
E. Continually soliciting the client’s beliefs and input when selecting treatment interventions
F. ALL OF THE ABOVE
F.
