Module 12 Test Flashcards
Between what two regions or the Earth can you find the Moho?
crust and mantle
List two formations that form from groundwater deposition in caves.
stalacties and stalagmites
any process that breaks down rocks and creates sediments
weathering
rocks that start as one type and are transformed by high temperature or pressure
metamorphic rock
What major benefit do we derive from the Earth’s magnetic field?
it blocks cosmic rays from the sun
In the hydrologic cycle, what is the process that changes a liquid into gas called?
evaporation
Name formations that form from glacier reosion
U-shaped valleys, glacial lakes, cirques, horns, or ridges
What causes the Earth’s magnetic field?
electrical flow in the core
name the 5 layers of earth in order, starting with the innermost layer
inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere, crust
the process that moves sediments
erosion
What part of Earth’s core is liquid?
outer core
Name some agents of erosion
water, glaciers, gravity, weathering, wind
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering?
Mechanical weathering is the physical breakdown of rocks and occurs through ice wedging, abrasion, plants, or animals. Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock and occurs when water reacts with minerals changing them, or dissolves minerals
What have scientists observed in order to learn about Earth’s interior?
seismic waves
small, solid fragments of rock-like gravel, sand, silt, mud, or clay
sediment
What are two common features of fast-moving streams in mountainous areas
waterfalls and V-shaped valleys
rocks formed when magma cools
igneous rock
rock formed when chemical reactions cement sediments together, hardening them
sedimentary rock
Where is most of Earth’s liquid fresh water found?
groundwater
Describe the rock cycle
The rock cycle is a series of processes in which rocks are continuously changed from one type to another. These processes include erosion, weathering, deposition, melting, cooling, heat, pressure, compaction, and cemention
solid, naturally occurring, inorganic substances that have a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure
minerals
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering breaks down or chemically alters rocks, while erosion wears down and carries the sediment away.
