Module 12: Food Additives Flashcards
Any substance the intended use of which results or may reasonably be expected to result directly or indirectly in its becoming a component or otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food
Food additives
True or False: The US FDA defines food additives as a substance or a mixture of substances, other than the basic food stuff, which is present in food as a result of any aspect of production, processing storage or packaging
False; The Food Protection Committee, US National Research Council (1958)
True or False: Food additives always have nutritive value.
False; Food additives may or may not have nutritive value.
Food additives may be categorized as ___ and ___
Intentional and Incidental
True or False: Phil FDA defines food additives as any substance normally consumed as a food by itself but not normally used as a typical ingredient of food. It may or may not have nutritive value, may or may not be intentionally added, and eventually becomes a component of the food.
False: It is NOT NORMALLY CONSUMED as a food by itself.
The type of food additive that is properly added in precise amounts
Intentional or Direct Food Additive
It is the type of food additive that has no specific function and is usually incorporated in the food while passing the production line.
Incidental or Indirect Food Additive
Give the 5 Purposes of Food Additives provided in the lecture
- Maintenance of nutritional quality of the food
- Enhancement of keeping quality or stability of the food
- Reducing food waste
- Making food attractive to consumers in a manner which precludes deception
- Aids in processing
T or F: Use of preservatives is permitted when desired effect could not be attained by the manufacturing process
True
BUT if the desired effect COULD BE ATTAINED by the manufacturing process, use of preservatives is NOT PERMITTED
What does the acronym GRAS/E stand for?
Generally Recognized As Safe/Effective
What does it mean when a food additive is considered GRAS/E?
It does not require further approval to enter the marketplace.
Who regulates GRAS/E additives? What about the rest of the food additives?
All food additives are regulated by the Codex Alimentarius
Which specific committee of the codex alimentarius are in charge of food additives?
JECFA
What does JECFA stand for?
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
True or False: Additives are preservatives.
False; Preservatives are a type of food additive thus, not all additives are preservatives. Consequently, all preservatives are additives.
Give the Functional Classes of Food Additives (Good luck teh, kaya mue yarn)
Acidity regulator
Anticaking agent
Antifoaming agent
Antioxidant
Bleaching agent
Bulking agent
Carbonating agent
Carrier
Color
Color retention agent
Emulsifier
Emulsifying salt
Firming agent
Flavor enhancer
Flour treatment agent
Foaming agent
Gelling agent
Glazing agent
Humectant
Packaging gas
Preservative
Propellant
Raising agent
Sequestrant
Stabilizer
Sweetener
Thickener
(If you got them all, PERFECT KA SIS! If not, oki lang baka di naman lumabas sa exam :”> BWAHAHA)
What are the benefits of food additives?
- Increase safety and overall value of food
- Allows production of out- of-season foods
- Allows a variety of food products
- Reduce over-all price of foods
(to help you remember: RAIA - Reduce price, Allow prod, Increase safety, Allow variety)
What are the risks of additives?
Indirect risks
– Increased availability of food products with a low density of nutrients
– Potential direct toxicological effects (hypersensitivity, cancer and reproductive problems)
(InPo - Increased availability, Potential toxicological effects)
It is an independent scientific committee which performs risk assessments [of food additives] and provides advice to FAO, WHO and the member countries of both organizations
JECFA
What is the accepted daily intake for nitrite according to the JEFAC?
0-0.7 mg/kg BW
What is the accepted daily intake for nitrate according to the JECFA?
0-3.7 mg/kg BW
What organization is in charge of import refusal reports?
The US FDA
It sets forth the conditions under which permitted food additives may be used in all foods, whether or not they have previously been standardized by Codex
Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA)
True or False: Only food additives that have been assigned an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or determined, on the basis of other criteria, to be safe by the JECFA and an International Numbering System (INS) designation by Codex were considered for inclusion in the Codex GSFA
True
T or F: The ADI for aspartame is 0-30 mg/kg BW
False: 0-40 mg/kg BW
The latest study of the JECFA states that the ADI for stevia is 0-4 mg/kg BW
False: The 2019 evaluation conducted by JECFA determined no safety issues with the use of stevia as food additives
