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Routing > Module 12 > Flashcards

Module 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Wireless LAN (WLAN)?

A

A type of wireless network commonly used in homes, offices, and campus environments.

WLANs enable mobility within home and business environments.

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2
Q

What are the benefits of WLANs?

A

They enable mobility and adapt to rapidly changing needs and technologies.

WLANs are essential for modern connectivity.

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3
Q

What is the IEEE standard for Wireless Personal-Area Networks (WPAN)?

A

IEEE 802.15 standard operating at 2.4 GHz frequency.

Examples: Bluetooth and Zigbee.

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4
Q

What is the maximum range of a Wireless LAN (WLAN)?

A

Up to about 300 feet.

WLANs typically operate on 2.4 or 5.0 GHz frequencies.

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5
Q

What is the role of a Wireless Access Point (AP)?

A

To allow wireless clients to discover and connect to a network.

APs enable authentication and access to network resources.

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6
Q

Define autonomous APs.

A

Standalone devices configured manually through a command line interface or GUI.

They operate independently of other APs.

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7
Q

What is the function of a Wireless Home Router?

A

Acts as an access point, switch, and router to interconnect devices.

It provides wired access and acts as a gateway to other networks.

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8
Q

What are the two topology blocks defined in infrastructure mode?

A
  • Basic Service Set (BSS)
  • Extended Service Set (ESS)

BSS uses a single AP; ESS connects multiple BSSs.

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9
Q

What does CSMA/CA stand for?

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance.

It is a protocol used in WLANs for managing data transmission.

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10
Q

What is CAPWAP?

A

A protocol that allows a Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) to manage multiple APs.

It adds security via Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS).

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11
Q

What are the two modes of FlexConnect APs?

A
  • Connected mode
  • Standalone mode

These modes dictate how APs operate relative to the WLC.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)?

A

To spread a signal over a larger frequency band to avoid interference.

Used by 802.11b devices.

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13
Q

What are non-overlapping channels for 802.11b/g/n WLANs?

A

Channels 1, 6, and 11.

These channels help mitigate interference in the 2.4 GHz band.

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14
Q

What is a rogue access point?

A

An unauthorized AP connected to a corporate network.

It can be used to capture data or launch attacks.

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15
Q

Define a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.

A

An attack where the hacker intercepts communication between two legitimate parties.

An example is the ‘evil twin AP’ attack.

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16
Q

What is the 802.11 frame structure similar to?

A

The Ethernet frame structure.

It contains additional fields specific to wireless communication.

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17
Q

What is the role of the Wi-Fi Alliance?

A

To promote the growth and acceptance of WLANs and improve interoperability of 802.11 products.

It is an association of vendors.

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18
Q

What frequency bands do WLAN networks operate in?

A
  • 2.4 GHz
  • 5 GHz

These bands are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of DTLS in CAPWAP?

A

To secure the CAPWAP control channel and encrypt management traffic between AP and WLC.

Data encryption requires a DTLS license.

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20
Q

What is the function of multiple input multiple output (MIMO)?

A

To use multiple antennas to increase bandwidth.

MIMO can support up to eight antennas.

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21
Q

What does the term ‘active mode’ refer to in wireless client connection?

A

A scanning process where the client broadcasts a probe request frame.

Requires knowledge of the SSID to initiate.

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22
Q

How does a wireless client authenticate with an AP?

A

By providing the SSID, password, network mode, security mode, and channel settings.

These parameters must match for successful association.

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23
Q

What is the maximum data rate of 802.11ac?

A

Up to 1.3 Gb/s.

It operates on the 5 GHz frequency and supports multiple antennas.

24
Q

What is the split MAC architecture in CAPWAP?

A

Distributes AP functions between the AP and WLC.

It enhances management and efficiency of WLANs.

25
Q

What is a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack?

A

A MITM attack occurs when a hacker is positioned between two legitimate entities to read or modify data passing between them.

26
Q

What is the ‘evil twin AP’ attack?

A

A popular wireless MITM attack where an attacker introduces a rogue AP configured with the same SSID as a legitimate AP.

27
Q

How can a MITM attack be defeated?

A

By identifying legitimate devices on the WLAN through user authentication and monitoring for abnormal devices or traffic.

28
Q

What is SSID Cloaking?

A

A security feature that disables the SSID beacon frame, requiring manual configuration of the SSID on wireless clients.

29
Q

What is MAC Address Filtering?

A

A method where an administrator permits or denies wireless access based on the physical MAC hardware address of clients.

30
Q

What are the two original authentication methods introduced with the 802.11 standard?

A
  • Open system authentication
  • Shared key authentication
31
Q

What is Open System Authentication?

A

An authentication method that does not require a password, typically used for free internet access in public areas.

32
Q

What is Shared Key Authentication?

A

An authentication method that requires a pre-shared password between the wireless client and AP, utilizing mechanisms like WEP, WPA, WPA2, and WPA3.

33
Q

What is WEP?

A

Wired Equivalent Privacy, an original 802.11 specification using RC4 encryption with a static key, no longer recommended.

34
Q

What is WPA?

A

Wi-Fi Protected Access, a standard that secures data with TKIP encryption, changing the key for each packet.

35
Q

What is WPA2?

A

A standard that uses AES for encryption, considered the strongest encryption protocol.

36
Q

What is WPA3?

A

The next generation of Wi-Fi security that includes features like SAE for personal use and requires a 192-bit cryptographic suite for enterprise.

37
Q

What are the two types of WPA2 authentication methods?

A
  • Personal
  • Enterprise
38
Q

What does WPA2 Personal authentication require?

A

Users authenticate using a pre-shared key (PSK) with no special authentication server needed.

39
Q

What does WPA2 Enterprise authentication require?

A

A RADIUS authentication server and uses the 802.1X standard with EAP for user authentication.

40
Q

What encryption protocols are used by WPA and WPA2?

A
  • TKIP
  • AES
41
Q

What is the role of a RADIUS server in enterprise authentication?

A

It handles user authentication and authorization, requiring the RADIUS server’s IP address and shared key.

42
Q

What UDP port is used for RADIUS Authentication?

A

UDP port 1812

43
Q

What does WPA3 Personal include to prevent brute force attacks?

A

Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE)

44
Q

What does WPA3 Open Networks use for encryption?

A

Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)

45
Q

What is the main purpose of CAPWAP?

A

To enable a Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) to manage multiple Access Points (APs) and WLANs.

46
Q

What are the four main types of Wireless LANs (WLANs)?

A
  • WPAN
  • WLAN
  • WMAN
  • WWAN
47
Q

Which organizations influence WLAN standards?

A
  • ITU-R
  • IEEE
  • Wi-Fi Alliance
48
Q

What frequency bands do WLAN networks operate in?

A
  • 2.4 GHz
  • 5 GHz
49
Q

What are the common wireless threats?

A
  • Data interception
  • Wireless intruders
  • DoS attacks
  • Rogue APs
50
Q

What is the function of DTLS in WLANs?

A

Provides security between the Access Point (AP) and the Wireless LAN Controller (WLC).

51
Q

What are the three main types of channel splitting in wireless communication?

A
  • DSSS
  • FHSS
  • OFDM
52
Q

What is the bandwidth allocation for each channel in the 2.4 GHz band?

A

Each channel is allotted 22 MHz bandwidth and separated by 5 MHz.

53
Q

What are the key features of WPA3?

A
  • WPA3 Personal
  • WPA3 Enterprise
  • Open Networks
  • IoT Onboarding
54
Q

Fill in the blank: The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is used by _______.

A

WPA2

55
Q

True or False: WEP is still recommended for securing wireless networks.

A

False

Routing (19 decks)

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