Module 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

ECF
ICF
Interstitial

A

Extracellular fluid (outside of the cell)
Intracellular fluid (inside of the cell)
helps bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removes waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osmosis

A

low to the high concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

low to high active transport of solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diffusion

A

high to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Renal filtration

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Active transport

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fluid volume deficit

A

hypovolemia (cells it exceeds the intake of fluid), loss of fluid in the body, tachycardia, hypoxia, and confusion. Labs CMP, BUN, etc.. Refer to drawing from class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fluid volume excess

A

hypervolemia (too much fluid onboard), failure to excrete fluids, HTN, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Labs to check are BNP, CMP, and urine samples. give a diuretic. Pulmonary edema. Refer to drawing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Serum Na+

A

136- 145 meq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urine specific gravity

A

1.005-1.030

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hematocrit (ratio of the volume of RBCs to total volume)

A

normal is 37-52%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, breakdown of protein in the liver)

A

normal 10-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Creatinine (main lab for kidney function); muscle and protein breakdown

A

normal males- 0.6-1.2
normal females- 0.5-1.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IV assessment with IVF

A

look at slide 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypotonic

A

net water gain (ex. 0.45% normal saline, decreases ECF, decreased salt = cells swell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypertonic

A

net water loss (ex. 2% normal saline, increases ECF, increased salt= cells shrink)

16
Q

Isotonic

A

no net loss or gain (ex. 0.9% normal saline LR or D5W, cell remains the same, fluid and salt are the same inside or out)

17
Q

Where is sodium found
Where is potassium found (3.5-5)

A

outside of the cell
inside the cell

18
Q

Sodium and Potassium imbalances

A

look on slides 20-23

19
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

a water metabolism problem caused by an antidiuretic hormone deficiency

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus

A

weight loss, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, increased heart rate, hypotensions, intense thirst

21
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

A

water is retained which results in hypervolemia and hyponatremia. vasopressin is secreted even when plasma osmolarity is low or normal

22
Q

SIADH interventions

A

fluid restriction, drug therapy-diuretics, monitoring for fluid overload,

23
Q

DI and SIADH chart

A

look at slides 31 and 33

24
Q

Chronic renal failure

A

kidney damage or decreased renal function for >3 months with evidence of irreversible nephron loss and scarring

25
Q

Chronic renal failure risk factors

A

diabetes, HTN, proteinuria, family history, pylenoneprhirtis

26
Q

Chronic renal failure

A

slides 35-37

27
Q

Acid-base balance

A

normal blood pH- 7.35-7.45,
Homeostatic mechanisms keep the pH within normal ranges
The first buffer system is the blood, the second is the lungs, third is the kidneys

28
Q

Arterial blood gases

A

CO2- 35-45 (is the lungs)
HCO3- 21-28
PO2- 80-100

29
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

elevated CO2 and decreased pH, Always due to inadequate excretion of CO2 with inadequate ventilation, Manifestations can include tachycardia, tachypnea, dull headache, and weakness

30
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

decreased CO2 and elevated pH, always caused by hyperventilation, Manifestations can include lightheadedness, numbness or tingling, inability to concentrate, loss of consciousness

31
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

decreased pH and decreased HCO3, causes GI loss of HCO3, lactic acidosis, and ketoacidosis, Manifestations can include tachypnea, confusion, hypotension,decreased cardiac output

32
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

increased pH and increased HCO3, caused by gain of HCO3 or loss of H+, Manifestations include tingling in fingers/toes, dizziness, hypertonic muscles, and depressed respirations (similar to manif. of hypocalcemia and hypokalemia)