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CAPPA Level 1 - PartB > Module 1.10 Field Operations > Flashcards

Module 1.10 Field Operations Flashcards

1
Q

Objective 1 Purpose of Field Operations: The student will be introduced to field operations.

A

Pg 6
The primary purpose of the field operations and field equipment is to bring the new raw hydrocarbon production up to sales contract specifications

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2
Q

Objective 2 Reasons for Production Measurement: The student will learn about the primary users of production data.

A

Pg 8
Petrinex uses production data for historical information
Alberta energy regulator uses the production data to prevent waste, prevent pollution, protect the equity of the crown and for revenue budgeting purposes.

Alberta energy use this production data to calculate royalties to be paid.

Production company uses this information for potential plays

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3
Q

Objective 3 What Must be Accounted For?: The student will learn what production data is required at the well and battery levels.

A

Pg 10

Oil, gas and water volumes as well as total hours of production must be reported monthly

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4
Q

Objective 4 Where the Information Comes From: The student will be introduced to the documents used to capture field production information.

A

Pg 11
FDC system perform daily field volumetric balances
SCADA systems use computers that are programmed to deal with real-time data capture and monitoring of facilities
Manual/reports this is done the old way using charts and paper trail, purchases and expense receipts
When the data is not directly measured engineering estimates could be used

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5
Q

Objective 5 Production Equipment at a Single Well Oil Battery: The student will learn about the equipment found at a single well oil battery for the production, disposition and measurement of oil, gas and water.

A

Pg 13

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6
Q

Objective 6 Calculation of Net Oil and Water Volumes: The student will learn how to calculate the amount of net oil and water volumes given a total fluid volume and the water cut.

A

Pg 16

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7
Q

Objective 7 Oil Flow Lines and Gathering Systems: The student will be introduced to radial and satellite oil gathering systems.

A

Pg 18

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8
Q

Objective 8 Production Equipment at a Multi-Well Battery: The student will learn about the equipment located at a multi-well battery.

A

Pg 20

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9
Q

Objective 9 Inlet Header: The student will learn about the inlet header.

A

Pg 22

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10
Q

Objective 10 Main Battery: The student will be introduced to the purpose and function of the main battery.

A

Pg 23

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11
Q

Objective 11 Separation Equipment: The student will learn about the group and test separators.

A

Pg 24

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12
Q

Objective 12 Emulsion Definition: The student will be introduced to emulsions.

A

Pg 26

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13
Q

Objective 13 What Causes Oil / Water Emulsions to Form: The student will learn the conditions under which emulsions form.

A

Pg 27

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14
Q

Objective 14 Treating Oil / Water Emulsions: The student will be introduced to the five processes used in a heater treater to break emulsions.

A

Pg 28

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15
Q

Objective 15 Gas Disposition: The student will learn about a Vapour Recovery Unit in an oil battery.

A

Pg 32

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16
Q

Objective 16 Produced Water Treatment: The student will learn about the methods for treating produced water before it can be injected into the ground.

A

Pg 33

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17
Q

Objective 17 Water Disposition: The student will learn the difference between water injection and water disposal wells.

A

Pg 36

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18
Q

Objective 18 Oil Disposition: The student will learn about the two most common ways to move oil from an oil battery onto an oil transmission pipeline.: The student will be introduced to a LACT unit.

A

Pg 37

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19
Q

Objective 19 Battery Summary: The student will be introduced to the battery flow schematic.

A

Pg 40

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20
Q

Objective 20 Meter Classification: The student will be introduced to the various classifications of meters.

A

Pg 42

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21
Q

Objective 21 Inferential Gas Meters: The student will be introduced to a gas orifice meter.

A

Pg 21

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22
Q

Objective 22 Direct Measurement Gas Meters: The student will learn about a gas positive displacement meter.

A

Pg 45

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23
Q

Objective 23 Direct Measurement Liquid Meters: The student will learn about a liquid positive displacement meter.

A

Pg 46

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24
Q

Objective 24 Inferential Liquid Meters: The student will learn about an inferential liquid meter.

A

Pg 48

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25
Q

Objective 25 Meter Proving: The student will learn about the meter proving process and how a meter factor is determined.

A

Pg 49

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26
Q

Objective 26 Calculation of Net Oil and Water Volumes: The student will be shown how to calculate the net oil and water volume given opening and closing meter volumes, water cut and meter factor.

A

Pg 50
Production = (Opening volumes – closing volumes) X meter factor
Water = BS&W% X Production
Oil = Production – Water

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27
Q

Objective 27 Proration: The student will be introduced to prorating production at a multi-well oil proration battery.

A

Pg 52

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28
Q

Objective 28 Oil and Water Battery Tanks: The student will learn about battery oil and water tankage requirements and how tank liquid heights are converted to volumes.

A

Pg 55

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29
Q

Objective 29 Oil and Water Battery Tank Measurement: The student will learn how tank liquid heights are converted to volumes

A

Pg 57

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30
Q

Objective 30 Gas Hydrates: The student will learn about gas hydrates are and the methods used to control their formation.

A

Pg 60

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31
Q

Objective 31 Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulphide: The student will learn about two important impurities: carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide.

A

Pg 62

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32
Q

Objective 32 Gas Wellhead and Lease Equipment: The student will learn about the equipment found on a gas well lease.

A

Pg 65

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33
Q

Objective 33 Gas Gathering System: The student will learn about a gas gathering system.

A

Pg 68

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34
Q

Objective 34 Gas Processing Plant: The student will learn about a gas processing plant.

A

Pg 69

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35
Q

Objective 35 Gas Plant Functional Units: The student will learn about common processing units found in a gas plant.

A

Pg 70

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36
Q 
Question 2: 
What are the valid dispositions for gas at a gas plant?
A – flared
B – lease fuel
C – sales
D – all of the above
A

D)

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37
Q

Question 3:
Total oil, water, condensates and gas bottoms are reported monthly to AER?
A – true
B – false

A

A)

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38
Q 
Question 4: 
What is the purpose of a single well oil battery?
A – separation
B – metering
C – storage
D – all of the above
A

D)

39
Q

Question 1:
Why have equipment in the field?
A – hydrocarbons must be brought to contract specification prior to being sold
B – to move the if you want mixture from each producing well directly to the market quickly
C – to report production levels to royalty interest
D – to move gas to gas plants

A

A)

40
Q 
Question 5: 
In a BS&W test, the sample is spun in a centrifuge to separate
A – oil
B – water
C – sediments
D – all of the above
A

D)

41
Q 
Question 6: 
What equipment can be found at a satellite battery?
A – a test separator
B – a gas meter
C – header
D – all of the above
A

D)

42
Q

Question 7:

A

E)

43
Q

Question 8:

A

B)

44
Q

Question 9:

A

A)

45
Q

Question 10:

A

B)

46
Q 
Question 11: 
What phrase best summarize the definition of emulsion?
A – 2 immiscible fluids mixed together
B – oil and water
C – 2 or more miscible fluids
D – none of the above
A

A)

47
Q

Question 12:
In Alberta, who dictates the minimum requirement testing frequency for each well?
A – Alberta Energy Regulator (AER)
B – well operator
C – production accountant
D – it is determined by the number of wells flowing into the battery into a battery

A

A)

48
Q 
Question 13: 
I freewater knock-out separator is also commonly known as a
A – 3 phase separator
B – group separator
C – production separator
D – all of the above
A

D)

49
Q 
Question 14: 
How are emulsions classified?
A – tight
B – loose
C – together
D – both A and B
A

D)

50
Q

Question 15:
Direction does the emilsion flow in a vertical heater treater?
A – from top to bottom
B – from bottom to top

A

B)

51
Q

Question 16:
What are the five main factors that act to break in motion within a vertical heater treater?
A – heat, chemicals, pressure, gravity, water washing
B – heat, chemicals, electricity, gravity, water washing
C – heat, distillation, pressure, caralytic cracking, electricity
D – heat, chemicals, filtration, gravity, water washing

A

D)

52
Q 
Question 17: 
Which primary method is used to break an emulsion within a heater treater?
P – pressure
B – heat
C – water washing
D – thermal cracking
E – catalytic cracking
A

B)

53
Q

Question 18:
The skimmer is used in performing well tests
A – true
B – false

A

B)

54
Q 
Question 19: 
Who grants permission to inject produced salt water back into the formation?
A – Alberta Department of Energy (ADOE)
B – the land owner
C – Alberta Energy Regulator (AER)
D – none of the above
A

C)

55
Q 
Question 20: 
What is the minimum test duration for a low volume well producing to a multi-well prorated oil battery?
A – 22 hours
B – 48 hours
C – 1 hour
D – 12 hours
A

A)

56
Q 
Question 21: 
Sales for battery is 250.0 m cube, opening inventory is 100.0 m cube, closing inventory is 50.0 m cube. Calculate the production for the period.
A – 100.0 m cube
B – 400.0 m cube
C – 200.0 m cube
D – 300.0 m cube
A

C)

57
Q 
Question 22: 
Estimated production for a well for one month was 225.0 m cube. Actual production was 200.0 m cube. The proration factor is
A – 425
B – 1.125
C – 25
D – 0.88889
A

D)

58
Q 
Question 23: 
Estimated production for a well for one month was 250.0 m cube. Actual production was 300.0 m cube. The proration factor is
A – 0.85714
B – 1.16667
C – 50
D – 650
A

A)

59
Q 
Question 24: 
What is the reasonable tank storage capacity for a pipeline connected multi-well oil battery?
A – one day
B – one week
C – one month
D – one year
A

B)

60
Q

Question 25:
Heating a gas flowline reduces the chances of hydrate formation
A – true
B – false

A

A)

61
Q

What is “Water cut”?

A

It’s the percentage of water in the emulsion that is determined by the water cut test

62
Q 
What are test is sometimes also referred to as:
A – BS&W test
B – a grind out
C – a shake out
D – centrifuge test
E – all of the above
A

E)

63
Q

How many liters is obtained as a sample using a device called a “thief”

A

Approximately 1 Liter

64
Q

Oil gathering system’s fall into two classes, which are they?

A

Radial and satellite systems

65
Q

In the radio system there is one flowline for each well that runs from the wellhead to the central battery
A – true
B – false

A

A)

66
Q

Normally we will limit the number of wells connected to a header to approximately

A

15 wells

67
Q

Sometimes satellites batteries are called__________

A

fieldgate batteries

68
Q

What is the primary purpose of the field operations?

A

Is to separate well effluent into constituent components at a purity that meets contract specifications in an economic manner.

69
Q

Upgrading of oil well effluent to contract specifications is done in a?

A

In a centralized treating facility called an oil battery

70
Q

Upgrading of gas well effluent to contract specifications is done in a?

A

In a centralized treating facility called a gas plant

71
Q

An oil well produce what?

A

Oil, gas and water

72
Q

A gas well produce what?

A

Gas, condensates and water

73
Q

The raw information needed by the PA comes from?

A

– FDC systems
– SCADA systems
– Manual reports
– Engineering estimates

74
Q

Oil gathering systems fall into two classes, what are they?

A

Radial and satellite systems

75
Q

We normally will limit the number of wells connected to a header to approximately 15 wells for what reason?

A

Because each well must be tested approximately once per month and to limit the complexity of many flowlines entering the facility

76
Q

A multi-well proration battery has two sets of separation and processing equipment referred to as?

A

The test train in the group train

77
Q

What is the difference between a two phase separator in a three phase separator?

A

Besides the separation of liquid and gas for the two phase separator the three phase separator also separates water

78
Q

What is the definition of emulsion?

A

Is a mixture of two immiscible fluids like water and oil

79
Q

In a emulsion mixture what is considered internal phase in continuous phase?

A

The internal phase is the fluid that is dispersed in the continuous or external phase fluid

80
Q

What are the conditions which cause emulsion to form?

A

– Two immiscible fluids
– Agitation
– An emulsifying agent like formation salts, silt, clay, carbon or organic acids

81
Q

Emulsions are broadly classified either as?

A

– Tight, meaning difficult to break

– Loose, meaning easy to break

82
Q

Describe a header treater?

A

A heater treater is very similar to a three phase separator except that A heater treater adds heat to speed up the breaking of emulsion

83
Q

Five factors work together within the heater treater to break down the emulsion, which are they?

A 
– Heat
– Chemicals
– Gravity
– Water washing
– Filtration
84
Q

What other addition that unfortunately is expensive and can be unreliable in remote oil field installation besides the five factors who work together within the heater treater to break down the emulsion?

A

Electricity in a horizontal electrostatic treater

85
Q

A heater treaters treats emulsion normally at what temperature?

A

50°C or 120°F

86
Q

The ratio of the calibrated meter to the test meter is known as the?

A

The meter factor

87
Q

The final meter factor is composed of?

A

From the average of three consecutive test where the meter factor are within 0.0005 of each other.

88
Q

When large volumes are being measured a formula is often used in conjunction with the meter factor to account for what correction issues?

A

Density and temperature

89
Q

What usually is the range of the total storage capacity of a tank battery?

A

Usually is in the range of 3 to 7 days of production.

90
Q

What does it mean to strap a tank?

A

Is to put a known volume of fluid in the tank and gauged to determine the relationship between the height of the fluid in the tank and volume in the tank

91
Q

What are the three methods to remove water from gas?

A

– First method is to heat the gas
– The second method is chemical injection
– The third method is dehydration

92
Q

What are the five common impurities that may be produced from gas or oil reservoir?

A

Hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide

93
Q

What is the main purpose of a gas plant?

A

The main purpose of a gas plant is to remove all water, undesirable gases and any hydrocarbons that may drop out as liquid

94
Q

What is the main reason for removing the liquids before putting into a gas pipeline?

A

Other then increase profits liquids tend to gather in the low spots and plug the pipeline

CAPPA Level 1 - PartB (6 decks)

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