Module 11: MSK (a) Flashcards
1
Q
MSK
-Sites of Blood cell formation?
A
- Skull
- Pelvis
- Sternum
- Femur
2
Q
Functions of the bones?
-Mineral storage
A
- Bones store
- Calcium
- Phosphate
- Carbonate
- Magnesium
3
Q
Bone
-Make up?
A
- Connective tissue that is rigid and flexible
- Made of
- Crystallized minerals (calcium) — Rigidity
- Collagen fibers — Flexibility - Tensile strength refers to the bones being Strong AND flexible
4
Q
Absorption Vs Resorption
A
- Absorption — taking up of tissues or fluids originating OUTSIDE the body
- Resorption — Taking of of products or tissues originating INSIDE the body
5
Q
Bone Cells
-3 Types
A
- Osteocytes — Start as osteoblasts — most abundant cells in the bone — MAINTAIN bone matrix — Respond to parathyroid hormone signals —Coordinate osteoblasts and osteoclasts to form and resort bone
- Osteoblasts — Form New bone — Synthesis of osteoid which is non-mineralized bone matrix — Synthesize osteoid
- Become osteocytes that are imbedded in bone — synthesize collagen and proteoglicans - Osteoclasts — Bone resorption — Release hydrogen chloride to breakdown bone tissue — body takes this back up and uses it to regulate serum calcium or to build new bone
6
Q
Bone Cells
-Osteocytes
A
- Osteocytes — Start as osteoblasts — most abundant cells in the bone — MAINTAIN bone matrix — Respond to parathyroid hormone signals —Coordinate osteoblasts and osteoclasts to form and resort bone
7
Q
Bone Cells
-Osteoblasts
A
- Osteoblasts — Form New bone — Synthesis of osteoid which is non-mineralized bone matrix — Synthesize osteoid
- Become osteocytes that are imbedded in bone — synthesize collagen and proteoglicans
8
Q
Bone Cells
-Osteoclasts
A
- Osteoclasts — Bone resorption — Release hydrogen chloride to breakdown bone tissue — body takes this back up and uses it to regulate serum calcium or to build new bone
9
Q
Bone matrix
-Organic Vs Inorganic
A
- 35% Organic — Proteoglycans & Albumin (Collagen fibers are synthesized & secreted by osteoblasts)
- 65% inorganic — Calcium & Phosphate
10
Q
Bone Matrix
-Proteoglycans
A
- Polysaccharides — Glucosamine & Chondroitin
- Strengthen the bone by forming compression resistant networks between COLLAGEN & CALCIUM
- Help deposit calcium in the bone
11
Q
Bone Matrix
-Albumin
A
- Albumin is a type of glycoproteins (identical to serum albumin)
- Transports essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells (matrix)
12
Q
Bone Matrix
-Calcium & Phosphate
A
- Calcium and phosphate are minerals
- Calcium — Regulates vitamin D and thereby promotes mineralization
- Phosphate — Balance of organic and inorganic phosphate required for proper bone mineralization — regulates vitamin D
13
Q
Compact Bone
-Info
A
- 85% of skeleton — Forms outer layer of all bones — Extremely strong & main weight bearing structure in long bones
- Haversian System (Osteon) is the basic structure all unit of compact bone
- Concentric lamellar form the central Haversian canal which runs longitudinally down the length of the bone and contains nerves and blood vessels - Volkmann’s canals —Run perpendicular (transverse) to the Haversian canals and interconnect them with each other
- Connections to the periosteum allow blood and nerves to travel to and from the bone
- Periosteum is the outer portion of the bone
14
Q
Spongy Bone
-Info
A
- 15% of skeleton & forms the inner layer of bone — Found in the epiphysis and metaphysics of long bones & Vertebral bodies
- Spongy bone is stiff and ductile — Can be deformed w/out losing toughness — Pliable and not brittle - Trabeculae — transfers mechanical loads from the articular surface to cortical bone — Main load bearing structure in vertebrae
—Spaces between trabeculae are filled w/ red bone marrow - LACKS haversian system
15
Q
Long Bones
A
- Diaphysis — Shaft of long bone — may contain fat (yellow marrow) or red bone marrow.
- Metaphysis— Epiphyseal plate is where growth occurs
- Epiphysis — Red bone marrow — blood formation
