Module 11: Managing Employee Motivation And Performance Flashcards
Explain the Motivation and Performance model.
What is motivation?
The set of forces that cause people to behave in a certain way.
What is the motivation framework?
Need (deficiency) > Search for ways to satisfy need > Choice of behavior to satisfy need > Evaluation of need satisfaction > Determination of future needs and search/choice for need satisfaction. ( start process over )
TYPES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES Content theories of motivation.
WHAT motivates us!
TYPES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES Process theories of motivation
WHY and HOW motivation occurs.
TYPES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES Reinforcement theory
HOW outcomes influence behavior.
What are the Weaknesses of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Five levels are not always present at the same time. Order is not always the same. Doesn’t always happen from the bottom up. Cultural differences.
What are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from bottom to top and an example of each.
Physiology ( food or base salary )
Security ( stability or pension plan )
Belongingness ( friendship or friends at work )
Esteem ( status or job title )
Self-actualization ( achievements or challenging job )
Explain Alderfer’s ERG theory and when it is positive and negative.
E xistence needs: physiological
R elatedness needs: how an individual relates to their social environment
G rowth needs: achievements and self-actualization
From E to R to G satisfaction progression (+)
Anytime you back track frustration-regression (-)
What is the process perspective of motivation?
It is the reason why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained their goals.
In expectancy theory what does motivation depend on?
Motivation depends on how much we want something mad how likely we are to get it.
What are the four elements of the expectancy theory?
- Effort to performance expectancy 2. Performance to outcome expectancy 3. Outcome 4. Valence
Explain the first element of the expectancy theory.
Effort to performace expectancy is THE PROBABILITY THAT EFFORT WILL LEAD TO PERFPRMANCE
Explain the second element of the expectancy theory.
Performance to outcome expectancy IS THE PERCEPTION THAT PERFORMANCE LEADS TO AN OUTCOME
Explain the third element of the expectancy theory.
Outcome IS THE CONSEQUENCE OR REWARD FOR PERFORMANCE
Explain the fourth element of the expectancy theory.
Valence IS HOW MUCH A PARTICULAR OUTCOME IS VALUED
In the expectancy theory what must be present for motivated behavior to perform?
- Effort-to-performance must be greater than zero 2. Performance to outcome must be greater than zero 3. Sum of valences must me greater than zero. One or more valences may be negative
What is the equity theory?
Individuals equate value of rewards to effort and compare it to other people.
Understand and explain the four parts of the goal-setting theory.
- Difficulty: Extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort. 2. Specificity: Clarity and precision of the goal. 3. Acceptance: Extent to which persons accept a goal as their own. 4. Commitment: Extent to which an individual is personally interested in reaching a goal.
What is reinforcement theory?
Reinforcement theory explains the role of rewards as they cause behavior to change or remain the same over time.
REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Describe positive reinforcements.
Positive reinforcement strengthens behavior by providing a desirable consequence. Reinforce desirable behavior
REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Explain avoidance.
Avoidance strengthens behavior by allowing escape from an undesirable consequence. Reinforce desirable behavior
REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Explain punishment.
Punishment weakens behavior by providing an undesirable consequence. Eliminate undesirable behavior.
REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Explain extinction.
Extinction weakens behavior by not providing a desirable consequence. Eliminate undesirable behavior.
Understand the expectancy model of motivation.
