Module 11: Managing Employee Motivation And Performance

Question 0

Explain the Motivation and Performance model.

Answer 0

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

The set of forces that cause people to behave in a certain way.

Question 2

What is the motivation framework?

Answer 2

Need (deficiency) > Search for ways to satisfy need > Choice of behavior to satisfy need > Evaluation of need satisfaction > Determination of future needs and search/choice for need satisfaction. ( start process over )

Question 3

TYPES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES Content theories of motivation.

Answer 3

WHAT motivates us!

Question 4

TYPES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES Process theories of motivation

Answer 4

WHY and HOW motivation occurs.

Question 5

TYPES OF MOTIVATION THEORIES Reinforcement theory

Answer 5

HOW outcomes influence behavior.

Question 6

What are the Weaknesses of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 6

Five levels are not always present at the same time. Order is not always the same. Doesn’t always happen from the bottom up. Cultural differences.

Question 7

What are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from bottom to top and an example of each.

Answer 7

Physiology ( food or base salary )

Security ( stability or pension plan )

Belongingness ( friendship or friends at work )

Esteem ( status or job title )

Self-actualization ( achievements or challenging job )

Question 8

Explain Alderfer’s ERG theory and when it is positive and negative.

Answer 8

E xistence needs: physiological

R elatedness needs: how an individual relates to their social environment

G rowth needs: achievements and self-actualization

From E to R to G satisfaction progression (+)

Anytime you back track frustration-regression (-)

Question 9

What is the process perspective of motivation?

Answer 9

It is the reason why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained their goals.

Question 10

In expectancy theory what does motivation depend on?

Answer 10

Motivation depends on how much we want something mad how likely we are to get it.

Question 11

What are the four elements of the expectancy theory?

Answer 11

1. Effort to performance expectancy 2. Performance to outcome expectancy 3. Outcome 4. Valence

Question 12

Explain the first element of the expectancy theory.

Answer 12

Effort to performace expectancy is THE PROBABILITY THAT EFFORT WILL LEAD TO PERFPRMANCE

Question 13

Explain the second element of the expectancy theory.

Answer 13

Performance to outcome expectancy IS THE PERCEPTION THAT PERFORMANCE LEADS TO AN OUTCOME

Question 14

Explain the third element of the expectancy theory.

Answer 14

Outcome IS THE CONSEQUENCE OR REWARD FOR PERFORMANCE

Question 15

Explain the fourth element of the expectancy theory.

Answer 15

Valence IS HOW MUCH A PARTICULAR OUTCOME IS VALUED

Question 16

In the expectancy theory what must be present for motivated behavior to perform?

Answer 16

1. Effort-to-performance must be greater than zero 2. Performance to outcome must be greater than zero 3. Sum of valences must me greater than zero. One or more valences may be negative

Question 18

What is the equity theory?

Answer 18

Individuals equate value of rewards to effort and compare it to other people.

Question 19

Understand and explain the four parts of the goal-setting theory.

Answer 19

1. Difficulty: Extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort. 2. Specificity: Clarity and precision of the goal. 3. Acceptance: Extent to which persons accept a goal as their own. 4. Commitment: Extent to which an individual is personally interested in reaching a goal.

Question 20

What is reinforcement theory?

Answer 20

Reinforcement theory explains the role of rewards as they cause behavior to change or remain the same over time.

Question 21

REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Describe positive reinforcements.

Answer 21

Positive reinforcement strengthens behavior by providing a desirable consequence. Reinforce desirable behavior

Question 22

REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Explain avoidance.

Answer 22

Avoidance strengthens behavior by allowing escape from an undesirable consequence. Reinforce desirable behavior

Question 23

REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Explain punishment.

Answer 23

Punishment weakens behavior by providing an undesirable consequence. Eliminate undesirable behavior.

Question 24

REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES Explain extinction.

Answer 24

Extinction weakens behavior by not providing a desirable consequence. Eliminate undesirable behavior.

Question 25

Understand the expectancy model of motivation.

Answer 25