Module 11 Immunity

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

-Present at birth.
-1st line defense against pathogens
-neutrophils/monocytes are primarily involved
-not antigen specific

Question 2

Active acquired immunity

Answer 2

-Body invasion by foreign substances which in turn the body makes antibodies to better recognize the invader for future attacks (getting sick)

-getting a vaccine

Question 3

Passive Active immunity

Answer 3

-Transfer of immunoglobulins through placenta

-injection W/serum antibodies

-both are short-lived because the body didn’t make them itself and soon forgets

Question 4

Cytokines

Answer 4

-instruct cells to alter proliferation, differentiation, secretion or activity
-have a beneficial role in hematopoiesis and immune function
-immune response of T/B cells, monocytes and neutrophils rely on cytokines

Question 5

Gero considerations -Immunity

Answer 5

-decline in function of immune response
-thymic shrinkage
-higher chance of cancer
-susceptible to infection
-decreased antibody response
-delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Question 6

Management-Anaphylaxis

Answer 6

-recognize S/S
-maintain patent airway
-Give drugs (epi iv/im)
-tx for shock

Question 7

HLA System

Answer 7

•Responsible for rejection of genetically unlike tissues
•Products of histocompatibility antigen, linked and occur together on the 6th chromosome
•HLA system is primarily used in matching organs and tissues for transplants
•HLA genes are highly polymorphic
•Inherited, the HLA genes of 1 person have a 25% chance of being identical to the HLA genes of sibling
•Most HLA-associated diseases are classified as autoimmune

Question 8

Lupus overview

Answer 8

•Multisystem autoimmune disease
•Typically affects the skin, joints, and serous membranes (pleura, pericardium)
•Renal, hematologic, and neuro may also be affected
•High familial presence
•Multiple HLA genes associated with SLE

Question 9

Lupus Etiology

Answer 9

Cause unknown
•Hormones are related: onset/worsening occur after menses, use of oral contraceptives, during and after pregnancy
•Environmental factors: sun/UV exposure, stress, chemicals or toxin exposure, infections, viruses
•>45 types of drugs may trigger: common ones are hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine. Generally after months-years of med use