MODULE 11- FEELINGS AND REASON

Question 1

a response to stimuli based on past experiences which
is made instinctively while reason is a form of personal justification which changes from person
to person based on their own ethical and moral code, as well as prior experience. the result of logical analysis through which we first analyze someone’s behavior, make
an appropriate judgment, and then feel whichever is called for, respect or contempt

Answer 1

EMOTIONS

Question 2

emotion and reason as tightly intertwined

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Feeling-based Theories in Ethics

Answer 3

(1) Ethical Subjectivism and
(2) Emotivism

Question 4

This theory basically utter runs contrary to the principle that there is
objectivity in morality. Fundamentally a meta-ethically theory, it is not about what things are good
and what are things are bad. It does not tell how we should live or what moral norms we should
practice. Instead, it is a theory about the nature or moral judgments

Answer 4

ETHICAL SUBJECTIVISM

Question 5

several different variants under the heading of Ethical Subjectivism:

Answer 5

Simple Subjectivism
Individualist Subjectivism
Moral Relativism (or Ethical Relativism)
Ideal Observer Theory

Question 6

the view that what is right is determined by the attitudes that a
hypothetical ideal observer (a being who is perfectly rational, imaginative and informed)
would have.

Answer 6

IDEAL OBSERVER THEORY

Question 7

the view (originally put forward by Protagoras) that there are
as many distinct scales of good and evil as there are individuals in the world. It is effectively a form of Egoism, which maintains that every human being ought to pursue what is in his
or her self-interest exclusively.

Answer 7

INDIVISDUALIST SUBJECTIVISM

Question 8

the view that ethical statements
reflect sentiments, personal preferences and feelings rather than objective facts.

Answer 8

SIMPLE SUBJECTIVISM

Question 9

the view that for a thing to be morally right is
for it to be approved of by society, leading to the conclusion that different things are right
for people in different societies and different periods in history.

Answer 9

MORAL RELATIVISM

Question 9

the view that for a thing to be morally right is
for it to be approved of by society, leading to the conclusion that different things are right
for people in different societies and different periods in history.

Answer 9

MORAL RELATIVISM

Question 10

a theory
about moral judgments, sentences, words, and speech acts; it is sometimes also extended to cover
aesthetic and other nonmoral forms of evaluation. Although sometimes used to refer to the entire
genus, strictly speaking emotivism is the name of only the earliest version of ethical
noncognitivism (also known as expressivism and nondescriptivism).

Answer 10

EMOTIVISM

Question 11

moral language expresses
emotions and tries to influence others; it has cognitive content.

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

implies the moral statements are less
significant than most people think they are – this may of course be true without rendering moral
statement insignificant.

Answer 12

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 13

As we ponder decisions, and more fundamentally, our principles, Pillemer & Wheeler (2010),
enumerated some precepts to bear mind. Among them are:

Answer 13

1. Don’t accept the problem as given.
2. Listen to both your heart and head.
3. Watch your language.
4. Take special care in dimly lit places.
5. Be modest about your virtue.
6. Understand why others transgress.
7. Don’t give up on yourself (or on others).